2025 BIO 251 Exam 2 New Latest Version Best Studying
Material with All Questions from Actual Past Exam and
100% Correct Answers
What are examples of Antigen Presenting Cells? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- Mast cells, Dendritic
cells, Macrophages, B-cells
Which of the following is NOT a way that antibodies assist the immune system in getting rid of
pathogens?
a) labelling pathogens for phagocytosis (opsonization)
b) poking holes in the cell membrane and lysing bacteria directly
c) binding to viral coat proteins and preventing them from being able to enter cells
d) binding to flagella and fimbrae and preventing movement and adherence ----------- Correct Answer ----
------- b) poking holes in the cell membrane and lysing bacteria directly
Which of the following pathogens could initiate an antibody response without Helper T-cells?
a) HIV
b) Gram- organisms
c) Gram+ organisms
d) Helper T-cells are not normally for an antibody response ----------- Correct Answer ----------- b) Gram-
organisms
Which of the following statements about B-cells is false?
a) B-cells mature in the bone marrow
b) B-cell receptors are all identical
c) When activated, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells
d) B-cells present foreign antigens on an MHCII ----------- Correct Answer ----------- b) B-cell receptors
are all identical
Suppose you are observing a patient who has a bacterial infection that begins to subside fairly quickly
after becoming symptomatic. An analysis of their blood shows high levels of IgM specific to the bacteria,
but undetectable levels of IgG and IgD. Two months after being discharged, the patient returns with
another infection by the same bacteria. What would be reasonable to conclude? ----------- Correct Answer
----------- The patient's immune reaction happened through the T-independent pathway
Know the following:
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD ----------- Correct Answer ----------- IgM- first antibody produced in response to
an infection
IgG- antibody that penetrates the placenta; abundant in blood and fluids; antibody of memory
IgA- found in body secretions: mucus, tears, saliva, breastmilk for infants
IgE- involved in allergic reactions
IgD- poorly understood function
Suppose that an antibody binds to a toxin molecule and prevents the toxin from binding to a receptor
where it would have a negative effect. This is an example of:
a) cross-linking
b) opsonization
c) immobilization
,d) neutralization ----------- Correct Answer ----------- d) neutralization
In the thymus, T-cells that bind self antigens are:
a) stimulated to proliferate (divide)
b) sent to the spleen
c) eliminated through negative selection
d) shunted back into the thymus for a second round of selection ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c)
eliminated through negative selection
An HIV positive individual with low CD4 T-cell count is infected with a normally non-fatal virus and
later dies. What likely occurred?
a) they were unable to release histamine and could don't mount an inflammatory response
b) their immune system became hyper-active through the T-independent pathway and they died due to a
cytokine storm
c) they were unable to generate antibodies through the T-dependent pathway due to lack of helper T-cells
d) their macrophages were unable to stimulate Helper T-cells due to insufficient MHC II -----------
Correct Answer ----------- c) they were unable to generate antibodies through the T-dependent pathway
due to lack of helper T-cells
Once you have recovered from influenza, you have acquired immunity to that strain. This is an example
of
a) natural active immunity
b) artificial active immunity
c) natural passive immunity
d) artificial passive immunity ----------- Correct Answer ----------- a) natural active immunity
When would an inactivated vaccine be preferable to an attenuated vaccine?
a) when cost is a factor
b) when the patient has a well developed immune response
c) when rapid immunization must be obtained
d) in a disaster situation where electricity is unavailable ----------- Correct Answer ----------- d) in a
disaster situation where electricity is unavailable
Which of the following cells would posses NEITHER an MHCII NOR an MHCI
a) red blood cell
b) hepatocyte
c) dendritic cell
d) neutrophil ----------- Correct Answer ----------- a) red blood cell
The immune system cell most commonly associated with allergies is:
a) neutrophil
b) eosinophil
c) basophil
d) macrophage ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c) basophil
Which of the following would be a common treatment for an autoimmune disorder?
a) epinephrin
b) antihistamines
c) steroids
d) theyroidectomy ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c) steroids
, Suppose that someone has a contact dermatitis latex allergy. Would you expect this condition to be
diagnosable via a basophil degranulation assay?
a) Yes, because latex allergies are localized type 1 hypersensitivities
b) Yes, because although latex allergies are not IgE dependent they still operate through a basophil
induced inflammation
c) No, because as a localized reaction latex allergies only work through mast cells
d) No, because latex allergies work through cytotoxic T cells ----------- Correct Answer ----------- d) No,
because latex allergies work through cytotoxic T cells
Mother/fetus Rh factor incompatibility is an example of what hypersensitivity:
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
c) Type 3
d) Type 4 ----------- Correct Answer ----------- b) Type 2
What would likely be an appropriate treatment for a systemic type 1 hypersensitivity
a) Epi-pen
b) RhoGAM
c) Anti-histamine cream
d) there is no effective treatment for type 1 hypersensitivities ----------- Correct Answer ----------- a) Epi-
pen
Which of the following would be an example of a primary immunodeficiency?
a) someone in the advanced stages of AIDS
b) someone on immunosuppressive therapy for an organ transplant
c) someone with a mutation in the gene that codes for the C3 protein of the compliment system
d) all of these primary immunodeficiencies ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c) someone with a
mutation in the gene that codes for the C3 protein of the compliment system
Which of the follow statements is false?
a) herd immunity only protects a population if most of the members have been vaccinated
b) inactivated vaccines primarily work through humoral immunity
c) children do not need vaccines if they breastfeed from a vaccinated mother
d) vaccines are often ineffective in immunocompromised patients ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c)
children do not need vaccines if they breastfeed from a vaccinated mother
What are the three pathways of the compliment system? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- Classical,
Lectin, and Alternative pathway
Which of the following is NOT a way that the compliment system acts to protect you?
a) stimulating inflammatory response
b) preventing viral replication
c) opsonization
d) direct lysis of cells ----------- Correct Answer ----------- b) preventing viral replication
(T/F) The compliment system can be activated by antigen presenting cells ----------- Correct Answer ------
----- False
What is a chemokine? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- chemotaxis of immune cells
What are colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- multiplication and
Material with All Questions from Actual Past Exam and
100% Correct Answers
What are examples of Antigen Presenting Cells? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- Mast cells, Dendritic
cells, Macrophages, B-cells
Which of the following is NOT a way that antibodies assist the immune system in getting rid of
pathogens?
a) labelling pathogens for phagocytosis (opsonization)
b) poking holes in the cell membrane and lysing bacteria directly
c) binding to viral coat proteins and preventing them from being able to enter cells
d) binding to flagella and fimbrae and preventing movement and adherence ----------- Correct Answer ----
------- b) poking holes in the cell membrane and lysing bacteria directly
Which of the following pathogens could initiate an antibody response without Helper T-cells?
a) HIV
b) Gram- organisms
c) Gram+ organisms
d) Helper T-cells are not normally for an antibody response ----------- Correct Answer ----------- b) Gram-
organisms
Which of the following statements about B-cells is false?
a) B-cells mature in the bone marrow
b) B-cell receptors are all identical
c) When activated, B-cells differentiate into plasma cells
d) B-cells present foreign antigens on an MHCII ----------- Correct Answer ----------- b) B-cell receptors
are all identical
Suppose you are observing a patient who has a bacterial infection that begins to subside fairly quickly
after becoming symptomatic. An analysis of their blood shows high levels of IgM specific to the bacteria,
but undetectable levels of IgG and IgD. Two months after being discharged, the patient returns with
another infection by the same bacteria. What would be reasonable to conclude? ----------- Correct Answer
----------- The patient's immune reaction happened through the T-independent pathway
Know the following:
IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD ----------- Correct Answer ----------- IgM- first antibody produced in response to
an infection
IgG- antibody that penetrates the placenta; abundant in blood and fluids; antibody of memory
IgA- found in body secretions: mucus, tears, saliva, breastmilk for infants
IgE- involved in allergic reactions
IgD- poorly understood function
Suppose that an antibody binds to a toxin molecule and prevents the toxin from binding to a receptor
where it would have a negative effect. This is an example of:
a) cross-linking
b) opsonization
c) immobilization
,d) neutralization ----------- Correct Answer ----------- d) neutralization
In the thymus, T-cells that bind self antigens are:
a) stimulated to proliferate (divide)
b) sent to the spleen
c) eliminated through negative selection
d) shunted back into the thymus for a second round of selection ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c)
eliminated through negative selection
An HIV positive individual with low CD4 T-cell count is infected with a normally non-fatal virus and
later dies. What likely occurred?
a) they were unable to release histamine and could don't mount an inflammatory response
b) their immune system became hyper-active through the T-independent pathway and they died due to a
cytokine storm
c) they were unable to generate antibodies through the T-dependent pathway due to lack of helper T-cells
d) their macrophages were unable to stimulate Helper T-cells due to insufficient MHC II -----------
Correct Answer ----------- c) they were unable to generate antibodies through the T-dependent pathway
due to lack of helper T-cells
Once you have recovered from influenza, you have acquired immunity to that strain. This is an example
of
a) natural active immunity
b) artificial active immunity
c) natural passive immunity
d) artificial passive immunity ----------- Correct Answer ----------- a) natural active immunity
When would an inactivated vaccine be preferable to an attenuated vaccine?
a) when cost is a factor
b) when the patient has a well developed immune response
c) when rapid immunization must be obtained
d) in a disaster situation where electricity is unavailable ----------- Correct Answer ----------- d) in a
disaster situation where electricity is unavailable
Which of the following cells would posses NEITHER an MHCII NOR an MHCI
a) red blood cell
b) hepatocyte
c) dendritic cell
d) neutrophil ----------- Correct Answer ----------- a) red blood cell
The immune system cell most commonly associated with allergies is:
a) neutrophil
b) eosinophil
c) basophil
d) macrophage ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c) basophil
Which of the following would be a common treatment for an autoimmune disorder?
a) epinephrin
b) antihistamines
c) steroids
d) theyroidectomy ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c) steroids
, Suppose that someone has a contact dermatitis latex allergy. Would you expect this condition to be
diagnosable via a basophil degranulation assay?
a) Yes, because latex allergies are localized type 1 hypersensitivities
b) Yes, because although latex allergies are not IgE dependent they still operate through a basophil
induced inflammation
c) No, because as a localized reaction latex allergies only work through mast cells
d) No, because latex allergies work through cytotoxic T cells ----------- Correct Answer ----------- d) No,
because latex allergies work through cytotoxic T cells
Mother/fetus Rh factor incompatibility is an example of what hypersensitivity:
a) Type 1
b) Type 2
c) Type 3
d) Type 4 ----------- Correct Answer ----------- b) Type 2
What would likely be an appropriate treatment for a systemic type 1 hypersensitivity
a) Epi-pen
b) RhoGAM
c) Anti-histamine cream
d) there is no effective treatment for type 1 hypersensitivities ----------- Correct Answer ----------- a) Epi-
pen
Which of the following would be an example of a primary immunodeficiency?
a) someone in the advanced stages of AIDS
b) someone on immunosuppressive therapy for an organ transplant
c) someone with a mutation in the gene that codes for the C3 protein of the compliment system
d) all of these primary immunodeficiencies ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c) someone with a
mutation in the gene that codes for the C3 protein of the compliment system
Which of the follow statements is false?
a) herd immunity only protects a population if most of the members have been vaccinated
b) inactivated vaccines primarily work through humoral immunity
c) children do not need vaccines if they breastfeed from a vaccinated mother
d) vaccines are often ineffective in immunocompromised patients ----------- Correct Answer ----------- c)
children do not need vaccines if they breastfeed from a vaccinated mother
What are the three pathways of the compliment system? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- Classical,
Lectin, and Alternative pathway
Which of the following is NOT a way that the compliment system acts to protect you?
a) stimulating inflammatory response
b) preventing viral replication
c) opsonization
d) direct lysis of cells ----------- Correct Answer ----------- b) preventing viral replication
(T/F) The compliment system can be activated by antigen presenting cells ----------- Correct Answer ------
----- False
What is a chemokine? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- chemotaxis of immune cells
What are colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)? ----------- Correct Answer ----------- multiplication and
