FAD 3220 Chapter 3 Exam Questions
and Answers
cephalocaudal principle - Answer -the principle that growth follows a pattern that begins
with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of the body
proximodistal principle - Answer -the principle that development proceeds from the
center of the body outward
principle of hierarchal integration - Answer -the principle that simple skills typically
develop separately and independently but are later integrated into more complex skills
principle of the independence systems - Answer -the principle that different body
systems grow at different rates
neuron - Answer -the basic nerve cell of the nervous system
synapse - Answer -the gap at the connection between neurons, through which neurons
chemically communicate with one another
synaptic pruning - Answer -the elimination of neurons as the result of nonuse or lack of
stimulation
myelin - Answer -protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons-which speeds the
transmission of electrical impulses along brain cells but also adds ti brain weight
cerebral cortex - Answer -the upper layer of the brain
plasticity - Answer -the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is is
modifiable due to experience
sensitive period - Answer -a point in development when organisms are particularly
susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those
stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences
rhythms - Answer -repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior
state - Answer -the degree of awareness an infant displays to both internal and external
stimulation
, Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep - Answer -the period of sleep that is found in older
children and adults is associated with dreaming
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - Answer -the unexplained death of a seemingly
healthy baby
reflexes - Answer -unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur automatically
in the presence of certain stimuli
norms - Answer -the average performance of a large sample of children of a give age
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) - Answer -a measure
designed to determine infants' neurological and behavioral responses to their
environment
nonorganic failure to thrive - Answer -a disorder in which infants stop growing due to a
lack of simulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting
sensation - Answer -the physical stimulation of the sense organs
perception - Answer -the sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli
involving the sense organs and brain
multimedia approach to perception - Answer -the approach that considers how
information that is collected by various individual sensory systems is integrated and
coordinated
affordances - Answer -the action possibilities that a given situation or stimulus provides
scheme - Answer -an organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with
mental functioning
assimilation - Answer -the process in which people understand an experience in terms
of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking
accommodation - Answer -changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response
to encounters with new stimuli or events
sensorimotor stage (of cognitive development) - Answer -Piaget's initial major stage of
cognitive development, which can be broken down into six substages
object permanence - Answer -the realization that people and objects exists even the
they cannot be seen
and Answers
cephalocaudal principle - Answer -the principle that growth follows a pattern that begins
with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of the body
proximodistal principle - Answer -the principle that development proceeds from the
center of the body outward
principle of hierarchal integration - Answer -the principle that simple skills typically
develop separately and independently but are later integrated into more complex skills
principle of the independence systems - Answer -the principle that different body
systems grow at different rates
neuron - Answer -the basic nerve cell of the nervous system
synapse - Answer -the gap at the connection between neurons, through which neurons
chemically communicate with one another
synaptic pruning - Answer -the elimination of neurons as the result of nonuse or lack of
stimulation
myelin - Answer -protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons-which speeds the
transmission of electrical impulses along brain cells but also adds ti brain weight
cerebral cortex - Answer -the upper layer of the brain
plasticity - Answer -the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is is
modifiable due to experience
sensitive period - Answer -a point in development when organisms are particularly
susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those
stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences
rhythms - Answer -repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior
state - Answer -the degree of awareness an infant displays to both internal and external
stimulation
, Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep - Answer -the period of sleep that is found in older
children and adults is associated with dreaming
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - Answer -the unexplained death of a seemingly
healthy baby
reflexes - Answer -unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur automatically
in the presence of certain stimuli
norms - Answer -the average performance of a large sample of children of a give age
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) - Answer -a measure
designed to determine infants' neurological and behavioral responses to their
environment
nonorganic failure to thrive - Answer -a disorder in which infants stop growing due to a
lack of simulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting
sensation - Answer -the physical stimulation of the sense organs
perception - Answer -the sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli
involving the sense organs and brain
multimedia approach to perception - Answer -the approach that considers how
information that is collected by various individual sensory systems is integrated and
coordinated
affordances - Answer -the action possibilities that a given situation or stimulus provides
scheme - Answer -an organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with
mental functioning
assimilation - Answer -the process in which people understand an experience in terms
of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking
accommodation - Answer -changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response
to encounters with new stimuli or events
sensorimotor stage (of cognitive development) - Answer -Piaget's initial major stage of
cognitive development, which can be broken down into six substages
object permanence - Answer -the realization that people and objects exists even the
they cannot be seen
