Straighterline CHEM101 General Chemistry final Exam
(New Version June 2024)
Mass Number - ANSWER total number of neutrons and protons in an atom; #
protons + # electrons
p - ANSWER Most nonmetallic elements are found in which block of the periodic
table?
Positive matter is concentrated in the central core - ANSWER Ernest Rutherford
disproved J.J. Thomson's plum-pudding model of the atom by showing that...
Potassium - ANSWER Plants use up copious amounts of which alkali metal,
preventing most of it from being washed out to sea?
2:1:1:2 - ANSWER What is the ratio of reactants and products in the chemical
equation?
__NaOH + __H2SO4 --> __Na2SO4 + __H2O
the number of ATOMS in 12g of Carbon-12
1 g = 6.022 × 1023 amu - ANSWER What is Avogadro's number?
Mg - ANSWER What is the reducing agent in the following equation?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(s) < (l) < (g) - ANSWER Which arrangement accurately describes the standard
entropy values at different phases?
2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons - ANSWER What are the most stable isotopes?
S = oxidized
N = reduced - ANSWER What element has been oxidized and what element has
been reduced?
3CuS + 8HNO3 --> 3CuSO4 + 8NO + 4H2O
multiply the atomic mass (grams) by the number of moles - ANSWER How do you
convert from moles to grams?
Divide the total number of grams by the atomic mass (grams) of 1 mole - ANSWER
How do you convert from grams to moles?
,Mass - ANSWER measure of the amount of matter
Compound - ANSWER made from atoms of 2+ elements that are chemically
bonded; cannot be separated into simpler substances by any physical process; can
be separated by a chemical reaction
Solid - ANSWER Definite shape and volume
Doesn't conform to shape of container
Particles are very close together in orderly fashion with little freedom of motion
Liquid - ANSWER Definite volume, indefinite shape
Conforms to shape of the part of the container it fills
Particles are close together but not rigidly in position with freedom to move past each
other
Gas - ANSWER No definite shape or volume
Conforms to shape and volume of container
Particles separated by distances very large compared to size of particles
Physical Property - ANSWER Color, melting point, boiling point
Observed and measured without changing identity of substance
Chemical Property - ANSWER Observed by performing a chemical change
Mixture - ANSWER Combination of 2+ elements, each retains its identity and
properties
Can be separated by physical means into pure components without changing identity
of compounds
Pure Substance - ANSWER fixed composition and differs from a mixture (every
sample has same properties and composition)
Polyatomic Ion - ANSWER molecule with a charge
contain more than 1 atom chemically bonded together
ions - ANSWER atoms with charge formed by loss or gain of an electron
Cation - ANSWER positive ion, may have roman numeral
Anion - ANSWER negative ion, element ends in -ide
isotope - ANSWER atom of an element that has a different mass because of a
different number of neutrons, but same atomic number
Atomic Number - ANSWER total number of protons in an atom; also indicates
number of electrons
Catalyst - ANSWER additional reactant that increases the rate of a reaction with a
lower activation energy
, Surface area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst - ANSWER What 4 factors impact the rate of a reaction?
exothermic reaction - ANSWER A reaction that RELEASES energy in the form of
heat
endothermic reaction - ANSWER A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of
heat
6.022 x 10^23 particles - ANSWER How many particles/atoms/molecules are in a
mole?
Amount of area exposed for the reaction of a solid - ANSWER Surface area
impacts rate of reaction how?
increase the # of reactants in the container, more collisions occur w/enough energy
& proper orientation - ANSWER Concentration impacts rate of reaction how?
Higher temperature....more motion....more forceful or higher energy collisions -
ANSWER Temperature impacts rate of reaction how?
Boyle's Law - ANSWER pressure increases, volume decreases
pV = constant or p1V1 = p2V2
Charles' Law - ANSWER Volume goes up, then temperature goes up, pressure
remains the same
V/T = constant or V1/T1 = V2/T2
Avogadro's Law - ANSWER volume increases with number increases
v/n
Guy-Lussac's Law - ANSWER increase in temperature & increase in pressure
p/T = constant or p1/T1 = p2/T2
Ideal Gas Law - ANSWER PV = nRT
when 3 variables are given in an question - ANSWER When do you use the Ideal
gas law?
- reacting particles must collide
- collisions have proper orientation
- particles must have a strong enough energy to collide - ANSWER Name three
ways reactions occur?
limiting reactant - ANSWER reactant that gets completely used up, which stops the
reaction & thus limits the amount of product made
(New Version June 2024)
Mass Number - ANSWER total number of neutrons and protons in an atom; #
protons + # electrons
p - ANSWER Most nonmetallic elements are found in which block of the periodic
table?
Positive matter is concentrated in the central core - ANSWER Ernest Rutherford
disproved J.J. Thomson's plum-pudding model of the atom by showing that...
Potassium - ANSWER Plants use up copious amounts of which alkali metal,
preventing most of it from being washed out to sea?
2:1:1:2 - ANSWER What is the ratio of reactants and products in the chemical
equation?
__NaOH + __H2SO4 --> __Na2SO4 + __H2O
the number of ATOMS in 12g of Carbon-12
1 g = 6.022 × 1023 amu - ANSWER What is Avogadro's number?
Mg - ANSWER What is the reducing agent in the following equation?
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(s) < (l) < (g) - ANSWER Which arrangement accurately describes the standard
entropy values at different phases?
2, 8, 20, 50, 82 or 126 protons - ANSWER What are the most stable isotopes?
S = oxidized
N = reduced - ANSWER What element has been oxidized and what element has
been reduced?
3CuS + 8HNO3 --> 3CuSO4 + 8NO + 4H2O
multiply the atomic mass (grams) by the number of moles - ANSWER How do you
convert from moles to grams?
Divide the total number of grams by the atomic mass (grams) of 1 mole - ANSWER
How do you convert from grams to moles?
,Mass - ANSWER measure of the amount of matter
Compound - ANSWER made from atoms of 2+ elements that are chemically
bonded; cannot be separated into simpler substances by any physical process; can
be separated by a chemical reaction
Solid - ANSWER Definite shape and volume
Doesn't conform to shape of container
Particles are very close together in orderly fashion with little freedom of motion
Liquid - ANSWER Definite volume, indefinite shape
Conforms to shape of the part of the container it fills
Particles are close together but not rigidly in position with freedom to move past each
other
Gas - ANSWER No definite shape or volume
Conforms to shape and volume of container
Particles separated by distances very large compared to size of particles
Physical Property - ANSWER Color, melting point, boiling point
Observed and measured without changing identity of substance
Chemical Property - ANSWER Observed by performing a chemical change
Mixture - ANSWER Combination of 2+ elements, each retains its identity and
properties
Can be separated by physical means into pure components without changing identity
of compounds
Pure Substance - ANSWER fixed composition and differs from a mixture (every
sample has same properties and composition)
Polyatomic Ion - ANSWER molecule with a charge
contain more than 1 atom chemically bonded together
ions - ANSWER atoms with charge formed by loss or gain of an electron
Cation - ANSWER positive ion, may have roman numeral
Anion - ANSWER negative ion, element ends in -ide
isotope - ANSWER atom of an element that has a different mass because of a
different number of neutrons, but same atomic number
Atomic Number - ANSWER total number of protons in an atom; also indicates
number of electrons
Catalyst - ANSWER additional reactant that increases the rate of a reaction with a
lower activation energy
, Surface area
Concentration
Temperature
Catalyst - ANSWER What 4 factors impact the rate of a reaction?
exothermic reaction - ANSWER A reaction that RELEASES energy in the form of
heat
endothermic reaction - ANSWER A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of
heat
6.022 x 10^23 particles - ANSWER How many particles/atoms/molecules are in a
mole?
Amount of area exposed for the reaction of a solid - ANSWER Surface area
impacts rate of reaction how?
increase the # of reactants in the container, more collisions occur w/enough energy
& proper orientation - ANSWER Concentration impacts rate of reaction how?
Higher temperature....more motion....more forceful or higher energy collisions -
ANSWER Temperature impacts rate of reaction how?
Boyle's Law - ANSWER pressure increases, volume decreases
pV = constant or p1V1 = p2V2
Charles' Law - ANSWER Volume goes up, then temperature goes up, pressure
remains the same
V/T = constant or V1/T1 = V2/T2
Avogadro's Law - ANSWER volume increases with number increases
v/n
Guy-Lussac's Law - ANSWER increase in temperature & increase in pressure
p/T = constant or p1/T1 = p2/T2
Ideal Gas Law - ANSWER PV = nRT
when 3 variables are given in an question - ANSWER When do you use the Ideal
gas law?
- reacting particles must collide
- collisions have proper orientation
- particles must have a strong enough energy to collide - ANSWER Name three
ways reactions occur?
limiting reactant - ANSWER reactant that gets completely used up, which stops the
reaction & thus limits the amount of product made
