NTA NTP CORRECT TEST WITH ANSWERS

NTA NTP CORRECT TEST WITH ANSWERS Immune System (Parts & Function): Integumentary System - CORRECT ANSWER-Provides physical barriers and nonspecific innate immunity: 1. Cutaneous membranes: cover and protect exterior surfaces of body 2. Mucous membranes: line and protect body cavities and organs 3. Serous membranes: surround and protect organs 4. Synovial membranes: line and protect joints 5. Adipose tissue: communicates metabolic state of body to immune system via hormones called adipokines, which in turn control immune cell activity Immune System (Parts & Function): Digestive System - CORRECT ANSWER-Provides physical barriers, innate and adaptive immunity: 1. HCl and pepsin: neutralizes pathogens before entering intestine 2. GALT: houses 70-80% of immune system cells 3. Epithelial cells: secrete protective mucous as barrier against colonization and invasion by pathogens (1 layer thick in small intestine; 2 layers thick in large intestine), rich in antimicrobial proteins like lysozyme (enzyme that catalyzes destruction of cell walls of certain bacteria), facilitate nutrient digestion and assimilations, provide immunological surveillance signals at gut-mucosa-lumen interaface 4. Gut Flora in Large Intestine: stimulates immunity, feeds epithelial cells (produce SFAs for fuel), crowds out pathogenic bacteria Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic SystemPrimary Organs & Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER--Bone Marrow -Thymus Immune System (Parts & Function): Bone Marrow - CORRECT ANSWER--Spongy tissue inside bones where all new blood cells and immune cells are created -Housed mainly in central skeletal system--pelvis, sternum, cranium, ribs, vertebrae, scapulae, femur Immune System (Parts & Function): Thymus - CORRECT ANSWER--Adaptive immune response "school" where T cells are taught how to respond to specific pathogens and how to differentiate between self-cells and invaders -Immature T cells migrate from b_______ m____________ to t_______________ to continue development -Once mature, T cells migrate to other lymphatic tissue and organs where they become active when needed Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic SystemSecondary Organs & Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER--Lymph nodes -Lymphatic vessels -Lymphatic fluid -MALT (Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) -Spleen Main transportation systems and "meet-up spots" for pathogens, antigens, phagocytes, B cells, and T cells Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymph Nodes - CORRECT ANSWER--"Dating bars" where B and T cells meet antigens and antigen presenting cells -Antigens and antigen presenting cells enter through incoming arteriole or (afferent) lymphatic vessel (a way to catch invaders) -B cells, T cells and antigen presenting cells circulate through lymphatic system until they make a "match" -Provide "factory space" for B and T cells to proliferate in response to a specific pathogen or antigen -Scattered throughout body, both superficial and deep Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic Vessel - CORRECT ANSWER--Entry point for antigens and antigen presenting cells -Closed at one end and start as small lymphatic capillaries in tissues -Carry lymph that forms in tissues to larger l_______________ v________________ -Along with blood stream, this acts as highways to transport cells and substances to the scene of the "crime" Immune System (Parts & Function): MALT - CORRECT ANSWER-Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue -Specialized lymphatic tissue situated along all mucosal surfaces of the body -Found in skin, eyes, nose, mouth, tonsils, GI tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract, -Provide sites for macrophages, B cells and T cells to meet up with pathogens and antigens (microbes, viruses, parasites, allergens) -Stand watch over body's barriers by communicating directly with mucosal surfaces -Outgoing lymphatics connect these vessels with lymphatic system Immune System (Parts & Function): MALT Subcategories - CORRECT ANSWER--Stand watch over body's barriers by communicating directly with mucosal surfaces -Provide sites for macrophages, B cells and T cells to meet up with pathogens and antigens (microbes, viruses, parasites, allergens) -Outgoing lymphatics connect these vessels with lymphatic system ‣ SALT (skin-associated lymphoid tissue), is found in the mucosal lining of the skin. ‣ GALT (or gut-associated lymphoid tissue), is found in the mucosal lining of the digestive tract. An important component of GALT is Peyer's Patches. ‣ NALT (or nasal-associated lymphoid tissue), is found in the mucosal lining of the nasal pathway. ‣ BALT (or bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue), is found in the mucosal lining of the air pathway. ‣ CALT (or conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue), is found in the mucosal lining of the eyes. ‣ LALT (or larynx-associated lymphoid tissue), is found in the mucosal lining of the throat. ‣ VALT (vulvo-vaginal associated lymphoid tissue), is found in the mucosal lining of the reproductive and urinary tracts. Peyer's Patches - CORRECT ANSWER--Small masses of lymphatic tissue found throughout the ileum region of the small intestine. -A.K.A. aggregated lymphoid nodules -Form an important part of the immune system by monitoring intestinal bacteria populations and preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines Immune System (Parts & Function): Spleen - CORRECT ANSWER--Largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in body -Filters blood for pathogens and antigens