ATI Med-Surg Latest Exam
*Hyper*calcemia - ANSWER-*SIGNS*: muscle *weakness*, decreased DTRs, increased HR, increased BP
*Hypo*calcemia - ANSWER-*SIGNS*: painful muscle *spasms*, tingling and numbness in hands and feet
A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed w/diabetes mellitus (DM). Which of the following is the
*physiologic basis for polyuria manifested by individuals with untreated DM*? - ANSWER-
Hyperosmolarity of the extracellular fluids secondary to hyperglycemia
abdominal stab wound and intestines protruding through the wound - ANSWER-Cover wound with
warm saline-soaked gauze
acromegaly - ANSWER--caused by excessive production of somatotropin [a growth hormone];
-results in gradual enlargement of body tissues including bones of the face, jaw, hands, feet, and skull
Addison's Disease - skin manifestations - ANSWER-darkening or bronze pigmentation of skin in both
exposed and unexposed parts of the body
Adverse effects of radiation therapy - ANSWER-skin changes, hair loss, and debilitating fatigue
Anemias - ANSWER--*pernicious* - vitamin B12 anemia;
-*megaloblastic* - decrease in RBCs caused by folate deficiency;
-*iron deficiency* - decrease in RBCs caused by iron deficiency;
-*aplastic* - RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are reduced
Anti-embolic stockings - ANSWER-Remove stockings 1 to 3 times per day for skin care and inspection
anticipated bowel sounds for a client with a bowel obstruction - ANSWER--*EARLY STAGE*:
*hyper*active bowel sounds [because initially, the peristaltic activity in the gut increases in an attempt
to overcome the obstruction];
-*LATE STAGE*: *hypo*active bowel sounds
aplastic anemia - ANSWER-sign of bone marrow suppression which is a common side effect of chemo
agents; results in pancytopenia which is a decrease in: RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
ARDS - ANSWER--direct or indirect lung injury causes capillaries to leak fluid into alveoli;
-build up of fluid in alveoli prevents movement of adequate O2 into bloodstream; which means organs
aren't getting sufficient O2 to function;
-low BP + organ failure usually accompany typical respiratory manifestations
arteriosclerosis obliterans - ANSWER--narrowing of arteries in legs and feet;
-causes decreased blood flow to distal extremities; can lead to tissue damage;
-*SIGNS*: intermittent claudication, cold or numb feet at rest, loss of hair on lower legs, weakened
pulses, thin shiny skin
Atrial fibrillation - ANSWER--frequently occurs after CABG;
, ATI Med-Surg Latest Exam
-in A-Fib the atrial kick is lost and cardiac output is decreased by 30%
best method to monitor for manifestations of atelectasis - ANSWER-pulse oximetry
Cancer in situ - ANSWER-early state of cancer that is limited to the site of origin
carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] test - ANSWER--CEAs are common tumor markers for colorectal cancer;
-CEA test is used to monitor clients *who are already being treated for colorectal cancer*;
-CEA levels should return to normal following successful treatment
Characteristics of basal cell skin cancer - ANSWER--small, waxy nodule w/superficial blood vessels, well-
defined borders;
-erythema and ulcerations;
-invades local structures such as nerves, bone, cartilage, lymphatic and vascular tissue;
-high rate of recurrence
Characteristics of squamous cell skin cancer - ANSWER--rough, scaly lesion w/central ulceration and
crusting;
-localized though may metastasize
closed water-seal drainage system - ANSWER--*constant bubbling* in water seal chamber = air leak and
problem w/the system;
-*intermittent bubbling* in water seal chamber and *level flucuates w/respirations* = system
functioning properly
CO2 injected into the abdomen during laparoscopic procedures can cause what post-procedure? -
ANSWER-referred pain in the shoulder area
common side effects of chemotherapy - ANSWER--alopecia;
-mucositis / stomatitis;
-hematuria;
-nausea and vomitting
Cushing's disease - skin manifestations - ANSWER-purple striae on chest and abdomen
diabetes insipidus - ANSWER--inability of kidneys to conserve water appropriately;
-polydipsia and polyuria;
-large quantity of urine excreted will have a very low specific gravity
diabetes mellitus - patho - ANSWER-*Type 1* - pancreas does *NOT* produce insulin;
*Type 2* - cells resistant to the effects of insulin [aka insulin resistance]
*Hyper*calcemia - ANSWER-*SIGNS*: muscle *weakness*, decreased DTRs, increased HR, increased BP
*Hypo*calcemia - ANSWER-*SIGNS*: painful muscle *spasms*, tingling and numbness in hands and feet
A nurse is caring for a client recently diagnosed w/diabetes mellitus (DM). Which of the following is the
*physiologic basis for polyuria manifested by individuals with untreated DM*? - ANSWER-
Hyperosmolarity of the extracellular fluids secondary to hyperglycemia
abdominal stab wound and intestines protruding through the wound - ANSWER-Cover wound with
warm saline-soaked gauze
acromegaly - ANSWER--caused by excessive production of somatotropin [a growth hormone];
-results in gradual enlargement of body tissues including bones of the face, jaw, hands, feet, and skull
Addison's Disease - skin manifestations - ANSWER-darkening or bronze pigmentation of skin in both
exposed and unexposed parts of the body
Adverse effects of radiation therapy - ANSWER-skin changes, hair loss, and debilitating fatigue
Anemias - ANSWER--*pernicious* - vitamin B12 anemia;
-*megaloblastic* - decrease in RBCs caused by folate deficiency;
-*iron deficiency* - decrease in RBCs caused by iron deficiency;
-*aplastic* - RBCs, WBCs, and platelets are reduced
Anti-embolic stockings - ANSWER-Remove stockings 1 to 3 times per day for skin care and inspection
anticipated bowel sounds for a client with a bowel obstruction - ANSWER--*EARLY STAGE*:
*hyper*active bowel sounds [because initially, the peristaltic activity in the gut increases in an attempt
to overcome the obstruction];
-*LATE STAGE*: *hypo*active bowel sounds
aplastic anemia - ANSWER-sign of bone marrow suppression which is a common side effect of chemo
agents; results in pancytopenia which is a decrease in: RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
ARDS - ANSWER--direct or indirect lung injury causes capillaries to leak fluid into alveoli;
-build up of fluid in alveoli prevents movement of adequate O2 into bloodstream; which means organs
aren't getting sufficient O2 to function;
-low BP + organ failure usually accompany typical respiratory manifestations
arteriosclerosis obliterans - ANSWER--narrowing of arteries in legs and feet;
-causes decreased blood flow to distal extremities; can lead to tissue damage;
-*SIGNS*: intermittent claudication, cold or numb feet at rest, loss of hair on lower legs, weakened
pulses, thin shiny skin
Atrial fibrillation - ANSWER--frequently occurs after CABG;
, ATI Med-Surg Latest Exam
-in A-Fib the atrial kick is lost and cardiac output is decreased by 30%
best method to monitor for manifestations of atelectasis - ANSWER-pulse oximetry
Cancer in situ - ANSWER-early state of cancer that is limited to the site of origin
carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA] test - ANSWER--CEAs are common tumor markers for colorectal cancer;
-CEA test is used to monitor clients *who are already being treated for colorectal cancer*;
-CEA levels should return to normal following successful treatment
Characteristics of basal cell skin cancer - ANSWER--small, waxy nodule w/superficial blood vessels, well-
defined borders;
-erythema and ulcerations;
-invades local structures such as nerves, bone, cartilage, lymphatic and vascular tissue;
-high rate of recurrence
Characteristics of squamous cell skin cancer - ANSWER--rough, scaly lesion w/central ulceration and
crusting;
-localized though may metastasize
closed water-seal drainage system - ANSWER--*constant bubbling* in water seal chamber = air leak and
problem w/the system;
-*intermittent bubbling* in water seal chamber and *level flucuates w/respirations* = system
functioning properly
CO2 injected into the abdomen during laparoscopic procedures can cause what post-procedure? -
ANSWER-referred pain in the shoulder area
common side effects of chemotherapy - ANSWER--alopecia;
-mucositis / stomatitis;
-hematuria;
-nausea and vomitting
Cushing's disease - skin manifestations - ANSWER-purple striae on chest and abdomen
diabetes insipidus - ANSWER--inability of kidneys to conserve water appropriately;
-polydipsia and polyuria;
-large quantity of urine excreted will have a very low specific gravity
diabetes mellitus - patho - ANSWER-*Type 1* - pancreas does *NOT* produce insulin;
*Type 2* - cells resistant to the effects of insulin [aka insulin resistance]
