SLCC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM #2
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CBC Lab Values - Answer-Complete Blood Count to determine any blood dyscrasias
RBC 3.6-5.4
MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW
WBC with Differential - Answer-looking (FOUR) neutrophil 47-63%
lymphocytes 24-40%
platelets 150,000-400,000
Erythropoietin - Answer-A hormone secreted from the kidney to trigger the bone to
make more blood components
Thrombopoietin - Answer-The hormone involved in the creation of blood platelets
Hematocrit - Answer-37-50% normal Lab Value range
the percentage of RBC in whole blood
life threatening-
<15% too low
>60% too high
Hemoglobin - Answer-12-16.5 Normal Lab Value for the amount of oxygen binding
protein molecules found in RBC
cytosis vs. openia - Answer-words ending in cytosis (high) is the making of
openia is the breaking of (low)
S/S Internal Bleeding - Answer-Low BP
tachycardia
hypoxia
tachypnea
SHARP at bleeding site
S/S Anemia - Answer-Pain
Pallor
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hypoxia
Fatigue
Anemia - Answer-loss of RBC, Hgb, or loss of whole blood due to bleeding
Polycythemia - Answer-increase in RBC
, primary: autosomal inheritance
secondary:
physiologic response to chronic hypoxia
Secondary Polycythemia Vera - Answer-Sleep apnea, COPD, stress, smoking,
dehydration, renal cell carcinoma, Heart Failure, Pulmonary disease, High altitude
S/S Polycythemia Vera - Answer-reduced blood flow, plethora (ruddy complexion),
fatigue, dizzy, headache
Tx Polycythemia Vera - Answer-blood removal and phosphate radiation
Multiple Myeloma - Answer-cancer in B-cells that stop making antibodies and start
making different proteins in response to the immune system need- makes 1 protein (M-
protein) these accumulate (plasmacytomas) can erode hard outer shell of bone
Multiple Myeloma Patholophysiology - Answer-skeletal or soft tissue tumors, Bone pain
and pathological fractues
hypercalcemia because of eroding bones
tumor markers- M- protein in serum and Bence-Jones proteins in Urine
early diagnosis- 3-5 year survival
late diagnosis- 50% die in 3 months, 90% in 2 years
Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Answer-caused by abnoraml chromosomal pattern
Reed-sternberg abnormal cell
mostly 20-30 yo or sometimes 60-70 yo
extra nodal involvment is uncommon
symptoms-painless masses, weight loss
curability- 90%
treatment- radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, bone marrow transplant
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - Answer-Occurs in immunosuprresed people
T-lymphocytes
onset >50 yo
extra nodal involvment is common
painless masses, weight loss, pleural effusion, abd pain, splenomegaly
curability <25%
treatment- radiation, chemo, immunotherpay, bone marrow transplant
Leukemia - Answer-over proliferation of nonfunctioning WBCs, these cells crowd out all
functioning blood cells which lead to anemia, infections and bleeding problems
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
CBC Lab Values - Answer-Complete Blood Count to determine any blood dyscrasias
RBC 3.6-5.4
MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW
WBC with Differential - Answer-looking (FOUR) neutrophil 47-63%
lymphocytes 24-40%
platelets 150,000-400,000
Erythropoietin - Answer-A hormone secreted from the kidney to trigger the bone to
make more blood components
Thrombopoietin - Answer-The hormone involved in the creation of blood platelets
Hematocrit - Answer-37-50% normal Lab Value range
the percentage of RBC in whole blood
life threatening-
<15% too low
>60% too high
Hemoglobin - Answer-12-16.5 Normal Lab Value for the amount of oxygen binding
protein molecules found in RBC
cytosis vs. openia - Answer-words ending in cytosis (high) is the making of
openia is the breaking of (low)
S/S Internal Bleeding - Answer-Low BP
tachycardia
hypoxia
tachypnea
SHARP at bleeding site
S/S Anemia - Answer-Pain
Pallor
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hypoxia
Fatigue
Anemia - Answer-loss of RBC, Hgb, or loss of whole blood due to bleeding
Polycythemia - Answer-increase in RBC
, primary: autosomal inheritance
secondary:
physiologic response to chronic hypoxia
Secondary Polycythemia Vera - Answer-Sleep apnea, COPD, stress, smoking,
dehydration, renal cell carcinoma, Heart Failure, Pulmonary disease, High altitude
S/S Polycythemia Vera - Answer-reduced blood flow, plethora (ruddy complexion),
fatigue, dizzy, headache
Tx Polycythemia Vera - Answer-blood removal and phosphate radiation
Multiple Myeloma - Answer-cancer in B-cells that stop making antibodies and start
making different proteins in response to the immune system need- makes 1 protein (M-
protein) these accumulate (plasmacytomas) can erode hard outer shell of bone
Multiple Myeloma Patholophysiology - Answer-skeletal or soft tissue tumors, Bone pain
and pathological fractues
hypercalcemia because of eroding bones
tumor markers- M- protein in serum and Bence-Jones proteins in Urine
early diagnosis- 3-5 year survival
late diagnosis- 50% die in 3 months, 90% in 2 years
Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Answer-caused by abnoraml chromosomal pattern
Reed-sternberg abnormal cell
mostly 20-30 yo or sometimes 60-70 yo
extra nodal involvment is uncommon
symptoms-painless masses, weight loss
curability- 90%
treatment- radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, bone marrow transplant
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma - Answer-Occurs in immunosuprresed people
T-lymphocytes
onset >50 yo
extra nodal involvment is common
painless masses, weight loss, pleural effusion, abd pain, splenomegaly
curability <25%
treatment- radiation, chemo, immunotherpay, bone marrow transplant
Leukemia - Answer-over proliferation of nonfunctioning WBCs, these cells crowd out all
functioning blood cells which lead to anemia, infections and bleeding problems
