MASTERING BIOLOGY NATURAL
SELECTION EXAM
Part complete
Which of the following is an example of an adaptation in anole lizards?
A] long leg length in the anole lizards that live mainly on twigs
B] small toe pads in the anole lizards that live in the tree canopy
C] short tails in the anole lizards that live in grass and bushes
D] long legs in the anole lizards that live primarily on the ground and tree trunks -
Answer -long legs in the anole lizards that live primarily on the ground and tree trunks
Jonathan Losos and colleagues conducted experiments on small, hurricane-swept
islands as "natural laboratories." Which of the following statements is true?
Select all that apply.
A] Experiments on the small islands show evidence for adaptation by natural selection
but not for evolution.
B] The legs of the anoles placed on the islands became shorter, and their offspring
inherited shorter legs.
C] Islands scrubbed by hurricanes allow researchers to introduce new lizard populations
and observe their evolution.
D] There are many small islands with similar environments, meaning that researchers
can repeat their experiments and observations in several locations.
E] Natural selection can lead to rapid changes. The average leg length of lizard
populations decreased within a few generations. - Answer -C] Islands scrubbed by
hurricanes allow researchers to introduce new lizard populations and observe their
evolution.
D] There are many small islands with similar environments, meaning that researchers
can repeat their experiments and observations in several locations.
E] Natural selection can lead to rapid changes. The average leg length of lizard
populations decreased within a few generations.
What is the most important characteristic of anole lizard species that keeps members of
one species from mating with members of another species?
A] Different species live in different ecological niches.
B] Different species have differences in appearance, such as color or leg length.
C] Different species living in the same habitat have different dewlaps.
, D] Different species eat different types of food. - Answer -Different species living in the
same habitat have different dewlaps.
Evolution of shorter legs in anole lizards placed on small, hurricane-scrubbed islands is
an example of which type of evolution?
A] microevolution
B] neither macroevolution nor microevolution
C] macroevolution - Answer -microevolution
What observations and evidence have Jonathan Losos and his colleagues gathered to
support the theory of natural selection?
A] DNA evidence suggests that the different lizard body types (twig, grass, etc.) evolved
independently on each of the four large Caribbean islands.
B] An anole lizard with a light-colored dewlap will develop a darker dewlap that stands
out better in a bright environment.
C] On each of the four large Caribbean islands, Losos observed the same distribution of
anole lizard body types.
D] When Losos and colleagues transplanted tree-dwelling anoles to small, hurricane-
scrubbed islands without trees, the lizards evolved to have shorter legs after only a few
generations. - Answer -A] DNA evidence suggests that the different lizard body types
(twig, grass, etc.) evolved independently on each of the four large Caribbean islands.
C] On each of the four large Caribbean islands, Losos observed the same distribution of
anole lizard body types.
D] When Losos and colleagues transplanted tree-dwelling anoles to small, hurricane-
scrubbed islands without trees, the lizards evolved to have shorter legs after only a few
generations.
Varieties of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to the drug methicillin _____.
View Available Hint(s)
A] developed in response to the use of methicillin
B] already existed in the population before methicillin was developed
C] always have an advantage in every environment
were strongly selected for as methicillin became widely used D] to treat bacterial
infections
E] The second and fourth answers are correct. - Answer -The second and fourth
answers are correct.
If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more
antibiotic-resistance genes, what would happen in environments that lack antibiotics?
A] These genes would be maintained in case the antibiotics appear.
B] These bacteria would try to make the cost worthwhile by locating and migrating to
microenvironments where traces of antibiotics are present.
SELECTION EXAM
Part complete
Which of the following is an example of an adaptation in anole lizards?
A] long leg length in the anole lizards that live mainly on twigs
B] small toe pads in the anole lizards that live in the tree canopy
C] short tails in the anole lizards that live in grass and bushes
D] long legs in the anole lizards that live primarily on the ground and tree trunks -
Answer -long legs in the anole lizards that live primarily on the ground and tree trunks
Jonathan Losos and colleagues conducted experiments on small, hurricane-swept
islands as "natural laboratories." Which of the following statements is true?
Select all that apply.
A] Experiments on the small islands show evidence for adaptation by natural selection
but not for evolution.
B] The legs of the anoles placed on the islands became shorter, and their offspring
inherited shorter legs.
C] Islands scrubbed by hurricanes allow researchers to introduce new lizard populations
and observe their evolution.
D] There are many small islands with similar environments, meaning that researchers
can repeat their experiments and observations in several locations.
E] Natural selection can lead to rapid changes. The average leg length of lizard
populations decreased within a few generations. - Answer -C] Islands scrubbed by
hurricanes allow researchers to introduce new lizard populations and observe their
evolution.
D] There are many small islands with similar environments, meaning that researchers
can repeat their experiments and observations in several locations.
E] Natural selection can lead to rapid changes. The average leg length of lizard
populations decreased within a few generations.
What is the most important characteristic of anole lizard species that keeps members of
one species from mating with members of another species?
A] Different species live in different ecological niches.
B] Different species have differences in appearance, such as color or leg length.
C] Different species living in the same habitat have different dewlaps.
, D] Different species eat different types of food. - Answer -Different species living in the
same habitat have different dewlaps.
Evolution of shorter legs in anole lizards placed on small, hurricane-scrubbed islands is
an example of which type of evolution?
A] microevolution
B] neither macroevolution nor microevolution
C] macroevolution - Answer -microevolution
What observations and evidence have Jonathan Losos and his colleagues gathered to
support the theory of natural selection?
A] DNA evidence suggests that the different lizard body types (twig, grass, etc.) evolved
independently on each of the four large Caribbean islands.
B] An anole lizard with a light-colored dewlap will develop a darker dewlap that stands
out better in a bright environment.
C] On each of the four large Caribbean islands, Losos observed the same distribution of
anole lizard body types.
D] When Losos and colleagues transplanted tree-dwelling anoles to small, hurricane-
scrubbed islands without trees, the lizards evolved to have shorter legs after only a few
generations. - Answer -A] DNA evidence suggests that the different lizard body types
(twig, grass, etc.) evolved independently on each of the four large Caribbean islands.
C] On each of the four large Caribbean islands, Losos observed the same distribution of
anole lizard body types.
D] When Losos and colleagues transplanted tree-dwelling anoles to small, hurricane-
scrubbed islands without trees, the lizards evolved to have shorter legs after only a few
generations.
Varieties of Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to the drug methicillin _____.
View Available Hint(s)
A] developed in response to the use of methicillin
B] already existed in the population before methicillin was developed
C] always have an advantage in every environment
were strongly selected for as methicillin became widely used D] to treat bacterial
infections
E] The second and fourth answers are correct. - Answer -The second and fourth
answers are correct.
If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more
antibiotic-resistance genes, what would happen in environments that lack antibiotics?
A] These genes would be maintained in case the antibiotics appear.
B] These bacteria would try to make the cost worthwhile by locating and migrating to
microenvironments where traces of antibiotics are present.
