DDS Final Exam with correct answers 2024
Aerosol b- bANSWER: b b➡ bFine bmsitof bspray bthat breslts bfrom ba bpressurized bsystem
Propellant b- bANSWER: b b➡ bSupplied bnecessary bpressure bwithin ban baerosol bsystem bto bexpel bmaterial
bfrom bthe bcontaine band bin bcombination bwith botehr bcomponents, bto bconvert bthe bmaterial binto bthe
bdesired bphysical bform
Inhaler bcontainer b- bANSWER: b b➡ bUncoated bor bplastic bcoated bclass
Aluminum
Stainlss bsteel
Tin bplated bsteel. b- bthe bmost bwifely bused bcontainer bfor baerosols
Plastic
Types bof bpropellant b[compressed bgases] b- bANSWER: b b➡ bCarbon bdiaxide
Ntriogen
Nitrous boxide
* btend bto blose bpressure bover btime
Types bof bpropellant b[Liquefied bgases] b- bANSWER: b b➡ bCFC
HFA
CFC bchlorofluorocarbons badvantages b- bANSWER: b b➡ bLow binhalation btoxicity
,Good bsolvent
High bcheemical bstability
High bpurity
CFC bchlorofluorocarbons bdisadvantages b- bANSWER: b b➡ bReduce bthe bamount bof batmospheric bozone
Contribute bto bgreenhouse beffect
High bcost
HFA b- bhydrofluoroalkane badvantage b- bANSWER: b b➡ bLow binhaltion btoxicity
High bchemical bstability
High bpurity
No bimpact bon bthe bozone blayer*
HFA b- bhydrofluoroalkane bdisadvantage b- bANSWER: b b➡ bMinor bgreenhouse beffect
High bcost
Poor bsolvent
HFA bvs bCFC b- bANSWER: b b➡ bCfc bbannd b12/31/08
HFA bspray bis bless bforceful; bsoft bmist
Inhaler bvalve b- bANSWER: b b➡ bRegulate bflow bof btherapeutic bagent band bpropellant bfrom bcontainer
Continuous bvalve b- bANSWER: b b➡ bMedication bis breleased bas blong bas bthe bactuator bis bpressed
Used bon btopical bproducts
Metered bvalve b- bANSWER: b b➡ bUniform bquantity bof bmedication bis breleased bwhen bthe bactuator bis
bpressed
,No bmore bdrug bis breleased bunless bthe bactuator bis breturned bto bis brest bposition band brepressed bagain
Used bfor binhalation bproducts
Inhaler bAcuator b- bANSWER: b b➡ bFitting battached, bopens bthe bvalve band bdirects bthe bspra bcontaining bthe
bdrug bpreparation btot beh bdesired barea
Permits beasy bopening band bclosing bof bthe bvalve
Product bis bdischarged bthrough bthe b- bANSWER: b b➡ bOrifice bin bthe bactuator b- baffects bphysical bform
b[mist,coarse,spray bor bfoam] bof bthe bdischarged bproduct
Inhalation baerosols b- bANSWER: b b➡ bMost bimportant
Topical baersols b- bANSWER: b b➡ bAntiinfective bagents
Local banaesthetic bagents
Vaginal baerosols b- bANSWER: b b➡ bEstrogenic bsubstanes
Contraceptic bagents
Rectal baerosoles b- bANSWER: b b➡ bAnti-inflammatory bagents
Advantages bofpharmaceutical baersols b- bANSWER: b b➡ bConvenient band beays bto buseprotects bform
boxygen, bhumidity, bmicrobial bcontamination
Application bin buniform blayer
Remaining bproduct bis bnot bcontaminated bduring buse
Limitations bof baerosol bdelivery b- bANSWER: b b➡ bTechnical bdifficulty
Expensive
, Need bto bknow bspecific bin bhalation btechniques
Safety bhazard
10-15% bof bdose breaches bthe bsmal bairway bandalveoli
High bhumidity bin brespiratory btract baffects bthe baerosol bparticle bsize band bdistribution
Why binhalation?: bhigh bvascularized b- bANSWER: b b➡ bTissue
Why binhalation?: bLow bintrinsinc b- bANSWER: b b➡ bEnzymatic bactivity
Why binhalation?: blarge babsorptive b- bANSWER: b b➡ bSurface b>100 bm2 bin bhumans
1072 bft2 b- bhalf bthe barea bof ba btennis bcourt
Why binhalation?: bhigh bpermeability bof b- bANSWER: b b➡ bThe balveoli b- balveolar bepithelium bthickness b-
b0.1-0.2 bum
Why binhalation?: bgreat btolerance bto b- bANSWER: b b➡ bForeign bsubstances
Why binhalation?: bmolecules bint bhe blung bbypass bthe b- bANSWER: b b➡ bPortal bcirculation b- bfirst bpass
bmetabolism
The boropharyngeal bregion band bthe bbronchial btree bare bfilters bto b- bANSWER: b b➡ bRemove bparticles bfrom
binhaled bair
Biophysical bparameters bdetermine bthe bpartiicle bdepostion b- bANSWER: b b➡ bAerodynamic bparticle
bbehaviors b[size, bdensity, bshape, belectrical bcharge]
Breathing bpattern bof bthe bpt b[optiminal bduring bslow bdeep binhalations bfollowed bby bbreath bholding]
Airway banatomy bof bthe bpatient
Aerosol b- bANSWER: b b➡ bFine bmsitof bspray bthat breslts bfrom ba bpressurized bsystem
Propellant b- bANSWER: b b➡ bSupplied bnecessary bpressure bwithin ban baerosol bsystem bto bexpel bmaterial
bfrom bthe bcontaine band bin bcombination bwith botehr bcomponents, bto bconvert bthe bmaterial binto bthe
bdesired bphysical bform
Inhaler bcontainer b- bANSWER: b b➡ bUncoated bor bplastic bcoated bclass
Aluminum
Stainlss bsteel
Tin bplated bsteel. b- bthe bmost bwifely bused bcontainer bfor baerosols
Plastic
Types bof bpropellant b[compressed bgases] b- bANSWER: b b➡ bCarbon bdiaxide
Ntriogen
Nitrous boxide
* btend bto blose bpressure bover btime
Types bof bpropellant b[Liquefied bgases] b- bANSWER: b b➡ bCFC
HFA
CFC bchlorofluorocarbons badvantages b- bANSWER: b b➡ bLow binhalation btoxicity
,Good bsolvent
High bcheemical bstability
High bpurity
CFC bchlorofluorocarbons bdisadvantages b- bANSWER: b b➡ bReduce bthe bamount bof batmospheric bozone
Contribute bto bgreenhouse beffect
High bcost
HFA b- bhydrofluoroalkane badvantage b- bANSWER: b b➡ bLow binhaltion btoxicity
High bchemical bstability
High bpurity
No bimpact bon bthe bozone blayer*
HFA b- bhydrofluoroalkane bdisadvantage b- bANSWER: b b➡ bMinor bgreenhouse beffect
High bcost
Poor bsolvent
HFA bvs bCFC b- bANSWER: b b➡ bCfc bbannd b12/31/08
HFA bspray bis bless bforceful; bsoft bmist
Inhaler bvalve b- bANSWER: b b➡ bRegulate bflow bof btherapeutic bagent band bpropellant bfrom bcontainer
Continuous bvalve b- bANSWER: b b➡ bMedication bis breleased bas blong bas bthe bactuator bis bpressed
Used bon btopical bproducts
Metered bvalve b- bANSWER: b b➡ bUniform bquantity bof bmedication bis breleased bwhen bthe bactuator bis
bpressed
,No bmore bdrug bis breleased bunless bthe bactuator bis breturned bto bis brest bposition band brepressed bagain
Used bfor binhalation bproducts
Inhaler bAcuator b- bANSWER: b b➡ bFitting battached, bopens bthe bvalve band bdirects bthe bspra bcontaining bthe
bdrug bpreparation btot beh bdesired barea
Permits beasy bopening band bclosing bof bthe bvalve
Product bis bdischarged bthrough bthe b- bANSWER: b b➡ bOrifice bin bthe bactuator b- baffects bphysical bform
b[mist,coarse,spray bor bfoam] bof bthe bdischarged bproduct
Inhalation baerosols b- bANSWER: b b➡ bMost bimportant
Topical baersols b- bANSWER: b b➡ bAntiinfective bagents
Local banaesthetic bagents
Vaginal baerosols b- bANSWER: b b➡ bEstrogenic bsubstanes
Contraceptic bagents
Rectal baerosoles b- bANSWER: b b➡ bAnti-inflammatory bagents
Advantages bofpharmaceutical baersols b- bANSWER: b b➡ bConvenient band beays bto buseprotects bform
boxygen, bhumidity, bmicrobial bcontamination
Application bin buniform blayer
Remaining bproduct bis bnot bcontaminated bduring buse
Limitations bof baerosol bdelivery b- bANSWER: b b➡ bTechnical bdifficulty
Expensive
, Need bto bknow bspecific bin bhalation btechniques
Safety bhazard
10-15% bof bdose breaches bthe bsmal bairway bandalveoli
High bhumidity bin brespiratory btract baffects bthe baerosol bparticle bsize band bdistribution
Why binhalation?: bhigh bvascularized b- bANSWER: b b➡ bTissue
Why binhalation?: bLow bintrinsinc b- bANSWER: b b➡ bEnzymatic bactivity
Why binhalation?: blarge babsorptive b- bANSWER: b b➡ bSurface b>100 bm2 bin bhumans
1072 bft2 b- bhalf bthe barea bof ba btennis bcourt
Why binhalation?: bhigh bpermeability bof b- bANSWER: b b➡ bThe balveoli b- balveolar bepithelium bthickness b-
b0.1-0.2 bum
Why binhalation?: bgreat btolerance bto b- bANSWER: b b➡ bForeign bsubstances
Why binhalation?: bmolecules bint bhe blung bbypass bthe b- bANSWER: b b➡ bPortal bcirculation b- bfirst bpass
bmetabolism
The boropharyngeal bregion band bthe bbronchial btree bare bfilters bto b- bANSWER: b b➡ bRemove bparticles bfrom
binhaled bair
Biophysical bparameters bdetermine bthe bpartiicle bdepostion b- bANSWER: b b➡ bAerodynamic bparticle
bbehaviors b[size, bdensity, bshape, belectrical bcharge]
Breathing bpattern bof bthe bpt b[optiminal bduring bslow bdeep binhalations bfollowed bby bbreath bholding]
Airway banatomy bof bthe bpatient
