VTTP 435 FINAL!!!
Osteoclasts
Answers:chew bone - ruffled border formation, have RANKL receptors
(macrophage derived)
Osteoblasts
Answers:build bone, PTH receptors on them, will release RANKL and MCSF
when plasma calcium is low, and will release OPG when plasma calcium is normal
(mesenchymal derived)
Osteoctyes
Answers:osteoblasts that have painted themselves into a corner- sense load, most
abundant cell type in bone
osteoporosis
Answers:increase in rankl (estrogen inhibits RANKL) -- will lead to increase
osteoclast activity -- break down too much bone
Calcitonin
Answers:released by thyroid C cells - tones down calcium in blood (inhibit bone
resorption)
PTH
Answers:released by parathyroid glands -- increase bone resorption and calcium in
blood, decreases phosphate-- also controls 1 alpha hydroxylase in kidney for vit D
activation
1,25-(OH)2 vit D3
, Answers:active form of vitamin d -- gets activated by 25 hydroxylase in liver and
then 1 alpha hydroxylase in kidneys -- increase calcium absorption in intestines
Virulence
Answers:ability to produce disease
Leukocytes
Answers:immune system cells (white blood cells)
Lymphocytes
Answers:types of leukocytes - B and T cells
functions of immune sys
Answers:defend, clean up, surveille
Innate immunity
Answers:immediate response to a foreign substance, quick, messy, unspecific
adaptive immunity
Answers:remember foreign substance - SPECIFIC response, second exposure
primary response
Answers:first time seeing pathogen -- takes a while for antibodies to be made
secondary response
Answers:second + time seeing pathogen -- large and quicker immune response
, lymphoid tissue
Answers:produce, store and processes lymphocytes (bone marrow, lymph nodes,
spleen, thymus, etc.)
Thymus
Answers:where t cells go to mature, shrinks with age
Bone marrow
Answers:makes leukocytes -- B cells mature here
Macrophages
Answers:Innate immunity - phagocytose, antigen presenting
Neutrophil
Answers:highly mobile, engulf and destroy pathogens, messy, unspecific - shorter
lifespan than macrophages
Natural killer cells
Answers:Innate - punches holes into virus-infected cells, short-lived (24 hrs)
Dendritic cells
Answers:takes up antigens in periphery and takes it to lymph nodes - antigen
presenting
Eosinophils
Osteoclasts
Answers:chew bone - ruffled border formation, have RANKL receptors
(macrophage derived)
Osteoblasts
Answers:build bone, PTH receptors on them, will release RANKL and MCSF
when plasma calcium is low, and will release OPG when plasma calcium is normal
(mesenchymal derived)
Osteoctyes
Answers:osteoblasts that have painted themselves into a corner- sense load, most
abundant cell type in bone
osteoporosis
Answers:increase in rankl (estrogen inhibits RANKL) -- will lead to increase
osteoclast activity -- break down too much bone
Calcitonin
Answers:released by thyroid C cells - tones down calcium in blood (inhibit bone
resorption)
PTH
Answers:released by parathyroid glands -- increase bone resorption and calcium in
blood, decreases phosphate-- also controls 1 alpha hydroxylase in kidney for vit D
activation
1,25-(OH)2 vit D3
, Answers:active form of vitamin d -- gets activated by 25 hydroxylase in liver and
then 1 alpha hydroxylase in kidneys -- increase calcium absorption in intestines
Virulence
Answers:ability to produce disease
Leukocytes
Answers:immune system cells (white blood cells)
Lymphocytes
Answers:types of leukocytes - B and T cells
functions of immune sys
Answers:defend, clean up, surveille
Innate immunity
Answers:immediate response to a foreign substance, quick, messy, unspecific
adaptive immunity
Answers:remember foreign substance - SPECIFIC response, second exposure
primary response
Answers:first time seeing pathogen -- takes a while for antibodies to be made
secondary response
Answers:second + time seeing pathogen -- large and quicker immune response
, lymphoid tissue
Answers:produce, store and processes lymphocytes (bone marrow, lymph nodes,
spleen, thymus, etc.)
Thymus
Answers:where t cells go to mature, shrinks with age
Bone marrow
Answers:makes leukocytes -- B cells mature here
Macrophages
Answers:Innate immunity - phagocytose, antigen presenting
Neutrophil
Answers:highly mobile, engulf and destroy pathogens, messy, unspecific - shorter
lifespan than macrophages
Natural killer cells
Answers:Innate - punches holes into virus-infected cells, short-lived (24 hrs)
Dendritic cells
Answers:takes up antigens in periphery and takes it to lymph nodes - antigen
presenting
Eosinophils
