VTTP 435 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT!!
Osteoblast
Answers:BUILD bone (mesenchymal derived)
Osteocyte
Answers:embedded osteoblasts (mesenchymal derived)-- senses load and most
abundant bone cell type
Osteoclast
Answers:CUT bone-- Macrophage/monocyte derived--ruffled border formation
(releases acid/enzymes)
Sclerostin
Answers:released by new osteocytes-signal to INHIBIT osteoblasts and new bone
formation
RANKL importance (bone)
Answers:Must be present for osteoclasts to form
M-CSF importance (bone)
Answers:needed to keep preosteoclasts alive-- MUST HAVE BOTH RANKL
AND C-MSF FOR OSTEOCLAST FORMATION
What is needed for osteoclast formation (2)
Answers:RANKL and M-CSF
Osteoid
,Answers:unmineralized bone matrix
PTH (bone)
Answers:Increases calcium, decreases phosphate in blood-- osteoclasts DONT
have PTH receptors
1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3
Answers:ACTIVE vit D-- increases calcium and phosphate
Calcitonin
Answers:receptors on osteoclast -- inhibits bone resorption, decreases plasma
calcium-- made by clear parafollicular cells in thyroid gland
force
Answers:magnitude + direction
moment
Answers:force acting on bone causing rotation
moment arm
Answers:lever that force acts on (some distance away from center of rotation)
bone is strong when ___ but weak when ___
Answers:bending, twisting
Transverse fracture
, Answers:pure bending-- straight across bone
spiral fracture
Answers:torsion related fracture
oblique fracture
Answers:shear -- diagonal fracture
butterfly fracture
Answers:due to bend and shear-- piece of bone breaks off-- seen a lot in abuse
primary/direct bone healing
Answers:contact healing-- no movement, no formation of callus-- ONLY BONE
FORMATION, NO RESORPTION
secondary/indirect bone healing
Answers:(most common) Is movement of bone, healing by callus formation
STAGES:
1. inflammation (1-7 days)
2. soft callus (3 weeks) then hard callus (3-4 months) formations
3. remodeling (months to years)
Periosteum
Answers:bone membrane
inflammatory phase (fracture)
CORRECT!!
Osteoblast
Answers:BUILD bone (mesenchymal derived)
Osteocyte
Answers:embedded osteoblasts (mesenchymal derived)-- senses load and most
abundant bone cell type
Osteoclast
Answers:CUT bone-- Macrophage/monocyte derived--ruffled border formation
(releases acid/enzymes)
Sclerostin
Answers:released by new osteocytes-signal to INHIBIT osteoblasts and new bone
formation
RANKL importance (bone)
Answers:Must be present for osteoclasts to form
M-CSF importance (bone)
Answers:needed to keep preosteoclasts alive-- MUST HAVE BOTH RANKL
AND C-MSF FOR OSTEOCLAST FORMATION
What is needed for osteoclast formation (2)
Answers:RANKL and M-CSF
Osteoid
,Answers:unmineralized bone matrix
PTH (bone)
Answers:Increases calcium, decreases phosphate in blood-- osteoclasts DONT
have PTH receptors
1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3
Answers:ACTIVE vit D-- increases calcium and phosphate
Calcitonin
Answers:receptors on osteoclast -- inhibits bone resorption, decreases plasma
calcium-- made by clear parafollicular cells in thyroid gland
force
Answers:magnitude + direction
moment
Answers:force acting on bone causing rotation
moment arm
Answers:lever that force acts on (some distance away from center of rotation)
bone is strong when ___ but weak when ___
Answers:bending, twisting
Transverse fracture
, Answers:pure bending-- straight across bone
spiral fracture
Answers:torsion related fracture
oblique fracture
Answers:shear -- diagonal fracture
butterfly fracture
Answers:due to bend and shear-- piece of bone breaks off-- seen a lot in abuse
primary/direct bone healing
Answers:contact healing-- no movement, no formation of callus-- ONLY BONE
FORMATION, NO RESORPTION
secondary/indirect bone healing
Answers:(most common) Is movement of bone, healing by callus formation
STAGES:
1. inflammation (1-7 days)
2. soft callus (3 weeks) then hard callus (3-4 months) formations
3. remodeling (months to years)
Periosteum
Answers:bone membrane
inflammatory phase (fracture)
