Genetics - Year 10 Science

Genetics - Year 10 Science 46 ️How many chromosomes do humans have? DNA ️Carries the genetic code that determines characteristics of a living thing Gene ️A short section of DNA Protein ️A complex unti made of repeating units called amino acids Nucleus of a cell ️Where are chromosomes found? Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine ️The four nitrogen bases that hold together a DNA are... Adenine and Thymine Guanine and Cytosine ️What are the basing pairing rules? Mitosis ️process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter nuclei Diploid Number (46) ️Number of chromosomes in a regualr cell Meiosis ️a special kind of nuclear division that occurs in the production of gametes. Instead of making 2 daughter cells, it divides once more and makes 4 daughter cells Haploid Number (23) ️Number of chromosomes in a sex cell Allele ️an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait; can be dominant or recessive Inherited ️Gene combinations are ___________ from our parents Phenotype ️Our Apperance, (The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up.) Genotype ️Our gene combinations Mendel ️He was an Austrian Monk who investigated patterns of inheritance using pea plants in the 1800's. Pedigree ️A diagram where males are squares and females are cirlces. the shaded individuals have the trait being investigated. Mutation ️A harmful change in the genetic information in the DNA leading to production of inactive or faulty proteins. Can be due to radiation, inherited or exposure to chemicals. Incomplete ️Two genes are as dominant as eachother. Cannot overtake, but merge. Co-dominance ️A phenotype for co-dominant alleles in the heterozygous condition will show the characteristics of both alleles Punnett Square ️A grid used to figure out different outcomes of gene combinations Genome ️A set of genes of an organism contained in every single body cell RNA ️plays an important role in the production of proteins Uracil (U) ️What is Thymine replaced with when using RNA Homozygous (pure breeding) ️having two identical alleles for a particular gene (dominant or