Natural Science Bio Exam 3
Cell cycle - Answer -the ordered sequence of events that a cell passes through between one cell division
and the next
Cytokinesis - Answer -the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis to form two daughter cells
Diploid - Answer -describes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing two sets of chromosomes (2n)
Gamete - Answer -a haploid reproductive cell or sex cell (sperm or egg)
Gene - Answer -the physical and functional unit of heredity; a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific
peptide or RNA molecule
Genome - Answer -the entire genetic complement (DNA) of an organism
Haploid - Answer -describes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing one set of chromosomes (n)
Homologous chromosomes - Answer -chromosomes of the same length with genes in the same location;
diploid organisms have pairs of homologous chromosomes, and the members of each pair come from
different parents
Locus - Answer -the position of a gene on a chromosome
, Mitosis - Answer -the period of the cell cycle at which the duplicated chromosomes are separated into
identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Oncogenes - Answer -a mutated version of a proto-oncogene, which allows for uncontrolled progression
of the cell cycle, or uncontrolled cell reproduction; cancer causing genes
A diploid cell has ________ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell.
A. one-fourth
B. one-half
C. twice
D. four times - Answer -C. Twice
An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited ________.
A. cells
B. genes
C. proteins
D. chromatids - Answer -B. Genes
Aneuploid - Answer -an individual with an error in chromosome number; includes deletions and
duplications of chromosome segments
Autosome - Answer -any of the non-sex chromosomes
Chromosome inversion - Answer -the detachment, 180° rotation, and reinsertion of a chromosome arm
Crossing over - Answer -(also, recombination) the exchange of genetic material between homologous
chromosomes resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism
forming reproductive cells
Euploid - Answer -an individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species
Cell cycle - Answer -the ordered sequence of events that a cell passes through between one cell division
and the next
Cytokinesis - Answer -the division of the cytoplasm following mitosis to form two daughter cells
Diploid - Answer -describes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing two sets of chromosomes (2n)
Gamete - Answer -a haploid reproductive cell or sex cell (sperm or egg)
Gene - Answer -the physical and functional unit of heredity; a sequence of DNA that codes for a specific
peptide or RNA molecule
Genome - Answer -the entire genetic complement (DNA) of an organism
Haploid - Answer -describes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing one set of chromosomes (n)
Homologous chromosomes - Answer -chromosomes of the same length with genes in the same location;
diploid organisms have pairs of homologous chromosomes, and the members of each pair come from
different parents
Locus - Answer -the position of a gene on a chromosome
, Mitosis - Answer -the period of the cell cycle at which the duplicated chromosomes are separated into
identical nuclei; includes prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Oncogenes - Answer -a mutated version of a proto-oncogene, which allows for uncontrolled progression
of the cell cycle, or uncontrolled cell reproduction; cancer causing genes
A diploid cell has ________ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell.
A. one-fourth
B. one-half
C. twice
D. four times - Answer -C. Twice
An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited ________.
A. cells
B. genes
C. proteins
D. chromatids - Answer -B. Genes
Aneuploid - Answer -an individual with an error in chromosome number; includes deletions and
duplications of chromosome segments
Autosome - Answer -any of the non-sex chromosomes
Chromosome inversion - Answer -the detachment, 180° rotation, and reinsertion of a chromosome arm
Crossing over - Answer -(also, recombination) the exchange of genetic material between homologous
chromosomes resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism
forming reproductive cells
Euploid - Answer -an individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species
