NSG 505 Exam 2 Questions and Correct
Answers
Host
Environment
Agent ✅three parts of the epidemiological triangle
Host ✅epidemiological triangle:
- age, sex, race, genetic profile, previous disease, immune status, religion, customs,
occupation, marital status, family background
Environment ✅epidemiological triangle:
- temp, humidity, altitude, crowding, housing, neighborhood, water, milk, food, radiation,
pollution, and noise
Agent ✅epidemiological triangle:
- biologic (bacteria and viruses)
-chemical (poison, alcohol, smoke)
-physical (trauma, radiation, fire)
-nutritional (lack, excess)
Vector ✅a nonhuman carrier of disease, such as an animal or insect
Direct transmission ✅transmission that occurs by immediate transfer of infectious
agents from a reservoir to a new susceptible host.
(touching, biting, kissing, sex, droplet, coughing, sneezing)
Indirect transmission ✅transmission that can happen several ways, does not go from
host to host
-vehicle borne, vector borne, airborne
Airborne transmission ✅occurs through droplet nuclei- the small residues that result
from evaporation of fluid from droplets emitted by an infected host.
Ex: sneezing and coughing
Acquired immunity ✅immunity that develops after exposure to a suitable agent. (body
forms immunity on it's own) or artificially with a vaccine (going to MD to get vaccine or
getting exposed and creating antibodies)
Passive immunity ✅refers to short term resistance that is acquired either naturally or
receiving immunoglobulins
, Natural immunity ✅species determines, genetically determines resistance
Active immunity ✅a long term resistance to a specific disease causing organism,
acquired artificially or naturally
Agent ✅a factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition
- can be biologic, chemical, nutrient, physical, and psychological
Portal of entry/exit ✅pathway by which the pathogen enters or exits
Exit ✅portal of ___________: path by which a pathogen leaves its host; usually where
pathogen is localized
Entry ✅portal of ____________: must provide access to tissues in which the pathogen
can multiply
Reservoir ✅any person, animal, or substance in which an infectious agent normally
lives and multiplies and then is transmitted from its source to a susceptible host.
Problem
Recommended solution/policy
Politics ✅policy process framework:
1. Define a ________________
2. Identify _______________ _______________/______________
3. _______________
Define a problem ✅policy process framework:
Indicators, events, opponents perspective
Identify recommended solution/policy ✅policy process framework:
Rationale and research
Politics ✅policy process and framework:
Opponents perspective, cost, climate
Many branches headed by the surgeon general ✅Who are the members of National
Prevention Council?
Health and safe community environments ✅goals of the US National Prevention
Strategy:
- clean air and water, affordable and secure housing, sustainable and economically vital
neighborhoods, make healthy choices and affordable
Answers
Host
Environment
Agent ✅three parts of the epidemiological triangle
Host ✅epidemiological triangle:
- age, sex, race, genetic profile, previous disease, immune status, religion, customs,
occupation, marital status, family background
Environment ✅epidemiological triangle:
- temp, humidity, altitude, crowding, housing, neighborhood, water, milk, food, radiation,
pollution, and noise
Agent ✅epidemiological triangle:
- biologic (bacteria and viruses)
-chemical (poison, alcohol, smoke)
-physical (trauma, radiation, fire)
-nutritional (lack, excess)
Vector ✅a nonhuman carrier of disease, such as an animal or insect
Direct transmission ✅transmission that occurs by immediate transfer of infectious
agents from a reservoir to a new susceptible host.
(touching, biting, kissing, sex, droplet, coughing, sneezing)
Indirect transmission ✅transmission that can happen several ways, does not go from
host to host
-vehicle borne, vector borne, airborne
Airborne transmission ✅occurs through droplet nuclei- the small residues that result
from evaporation of fluid from droplets emitted by an infected host.
Ex: sneezing and coughing
Acquired immunity ✅immunity that develops after exposure to a suitable agent. (body
forms immunity on it's own) or artificially with a vaccine (going to MD to get vaccine or
getting exposed and creating antibodies)
Passive immunity ✅refers to short term resistance that is acquired either naturally or
receiving immunoglobulins
, Natural immunity ✅species determines, genetically determines resistance
Active immunity ✅a long term resistance to a specific disease causing organism,
acquired artificially or naturally
Agent ✅a factor that causes or contributes to a health problem or condition
- can be biologic, chemical, nutrient, physical, and psychological
Portal of entry/exit ✅pathway by which the pathogen enters or exits
Exit ✅portal of ___________: path by which a pathogen leaves its host; usually where
pathogen is localized
Entry ✅portal of ____________: must provide access to tissues in which the pathogen
can multiply
Reservoir ✅any person, animal, or substance in which an infectious agent normally
lives and multiplies and then is transmitted from its source to a susceptible host.
Problem
Recommended solution/policy
Politics ✅policy process framework:
1. Define a ________________
2. Identify _______________ _______________/______________
3. _______________
Define a problem ✅policy process framework:
Indicators, events, opponents perspective
Identify recommended solution/policy ✅policy process framework:
Rationale and research
Politics ✅policy process and framework:
Opponents perspective, cost, climate
Many branches headed by the surgeon general ✅Who are the members of National
Prevention Council?
Health and safe community environments ✅goals of the US National Prevention
Strategy:
- clean air and water, affordable and secure housing, sustainable and economically vital
neighborhoods, make healthy choices and affordable
