SANS 401 GSEC Exam
Network Topology - answerThe Physical/Logical shape of a network
Logical Topology - answerGives the description for the physical layout, shows VLAN's
and where they are placed on the physical topology
Trunk Port - answerConnects packets that travel to all VLAN's on a switch
Baseband Systems - answerTransmits one signal on the medium (fiber, copper, etc)
Broadband - answerForm of multiplexing to join multiple signals on a medium
Ethernet - answerDesigned as baseband system that can be used in multiplexing
CSMA/CD - answerCarrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection
Unicast - answerBroadcast for a single device
Multicast - answerBroadcast for a specific group or multiple devices
Broadcast - answerMessage for everyone to receive and process
Hub - answerBroadcasts packets to every single port
Switch - answerBroadcasts packets to device found on a singular port
Content Addressable Memory (CAM) - answerIs a table that contains the MAC address
and port associated to that MAC Address
Virtual LAN (VLAN) - answerSplitting a switch in which certain ports can only talk to
certain ports (Segment networks within a switch)
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) - answerA different way of switching packets that
can be used on a dedicated line
802.1x - answerNetwork Access Control that is a layer 2 authentication (Credentialed
Question of 2FA)
A security appliance should be set in place when - answerThere is a change in trust
level in the network
, Protocol - answeris an agreement or rules of engagement for how computer networks
communicate
OSI Protocol Stack (7) - answerLayer 7) Application
Layer 6) Presentation
Layer 5) Session
Layer 4) Transport
Layer 3) Network
Layer 2) Data Link
Layer 1) Physical
Application Layer 7 OSI Stack - answerBrowsers, FTP, HTTP, SCP
Presentation Layer 6 OSI Stack - answerMakes data presentable to the application or
user (ASCII)
Session Layer 5 OSI Stack - answerHandles the establishment/maintenance of
connections between systems
Transport Layer 4 OSI Stack - answerDetermines that application the packet should be
sent to through port numbers (Web on 80,443)
Network Layer 3 OSI Stack - answerMoving packets from one network to another
network, uses logical addressing instead of physical addressing
Data Link Layer 2 OSI Stack - answerTakes a packet and frames it suitable for
transmission
Physical Layer 1 OSI Stack - answerNetwork cable, electromagnetic radiation
TCP/IP Protocol Stack (4) - answerLayer 4) Application
Layer 3) Transport (TCP/UDP)
Layer 2) Internet (IP)
Layer 1) Network
Network Address in: 10.1.2.0/24 Subnet - answer10.1.2.0
Broadcast Address in: 10.1.2.0/24 Subnet - answer10.1.2.255
Class A CIDR Addressing (Mask, IP Range) - answerN.H.H.H, 255.0.0.0 - 1-127
10.0.0.0/8
16.7 Million IP's
Class B CIDR Addressing (Mask, IP Range) - answerN.N.H.H, 255.255.0.0 - 128-191
172.16.0.0/16
65,536 IP's
Network Topology - answerThe Physical/Logical shape of a network
Logical Topology - answerGives the description for the physical layout, shows VLAN's
and where they are placed on the physical topology
Trunk Port - answerConnects packets that travel to all VLAN's on a switch
Baseband Systems - answerTransmits one signal on the medium (fiber, copper, etc)
Broadband - answerForm of multiplexing to join multiple signals on a medium
Ethernet - answerDesigned as baseband system that can be used in multiplexing
CSMA/CD - answerCarrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection
Unicast - answerBroadcast for a single device
Multicast - answerBroadcast for a specific group or multiple devices
Broadcast - answerMessage for everyone to receive and process
Hub - answerBroadcasts packets to every single port
Switch - answerBroadcasts packets to device found on a singular port
Content Addressable Memory (CAM) - answerIs a table that contains the MAC address
and port associated to that MAC Address
Virtual LAN (VLAN) - answerSplitting a switch in which certain ports can only talk to
certain ports (Segment networks within a switch)
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) - answerA different way of switching packets that
can be used on a dedicated line
802.1x - answerNetwork Access Control that is a layer 2 authentication (Credentialed
Question of 2FA)
A security appliance should be set in place when - answerThere is a change in trust
level in the network
, Protocol - answeris an agreement or rules of engagement for how computer networks
communicate
OSI Protocol Stack (7) - answerLayer 7) Application
Layer 6) Presentation
Layer 5) Session
Layer 4) Transport
Layer 3) Network
Layer 2) Data Link
Layer 1) Physical
Application Layer 7 OSI Stack - answerBrowsers, FTP, HTTP, SCP
Presentation Layer 6 OSI Stack - answerMakes data presentable to the application or
user (ASCII)
Session Layer 5 OSI Stack - answerHandles the establishment/maintenance of
connections between systems
Transport Layer 4 OSI Stack - answerDetermines that application the packet should be
sent to through port numbers (Web on 80,443)
Network Layer 3 OSI Stack - answerMoving packets from one network to another
network, uses logical addressing instead of physical addressing
Data Link Layer 2 OSI Stack - answerTakes a packet and frames it suitable for
transmission
Physical Layer 1 OSI Stack - answerNetwork cable, electromagnetic radiation
TCP/IP Protocol Stack (4) - answerLayer 4) Application
Layer 3) Transport (TCP/UDP)
Layer 2) Internet (IP)
Layer 1) Network
Network Address in: 10.1.2.0/24 Subnet - answer10.1.2.0
Broadcast Address in: 10.1.2.0/24 Subnet - answer10.1.2.255
Class A CIDR Addressing (Mask, IP Range) - answerN.H.H.H, 255.0.0.0 - 1-127
10.0.0.0/8
16.7 Million IP's
Class B CIDR Addressing (Mask, IP Range) - answerN.N.H.H, 255.255.0.0 - 128-191
172.16.0.0/16
65,536 IP's
