SFL 334 Exam 1 || with Error-free Solutions.
Cellular Theories related to aging correct answers telomeres, cross-linking, and free radicals
Metabolic Theories related to aging correct answers rate of living theories, caloric restriction
Genetic programming theory related to aging (aka program cell death) correct answers cells are programmed to die; appears to be the function of physiological processes, the innate ability of cells to self-destruct
telomere theory correct answers there is a limit to how often cells may divide before dying (called the Hay-flick limit), which may partially explain aging. The shortening of telomeres may be the major factor.
Cross-linking theory correct answers when certain proteins interact randomly and make the body
(cell walls) thicker. Cross-linking interferes with metabolism.
Free radicals theory correct answers highly reactive chemicals produced randomly during normal
cell metabolism, cause cell damage. Antioxidants may prevent these.
Metabolic theory/rate of living theory definition correct answers the idea that an organism only has so much energy to expend aka their lifespan ends when their energy is up.
caloric restriction correct answers A technique demonstrated to extend life span by restricting calories eaten/expended; not sure how accurate because of quality of life and circadian rhythms
cross-sectional design correct answers research design that examines people of different ages at a
single point in time; aging and cohort confound each other
longitudinal design correct answers research design in which one participant or group of participants is studied over a long period of time; aging and time of measurement confound each other
sequential design correct answers Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs involving repeated study of different cohorts over time; this study is the best to use because it eliminates cohort confound for cross-sectional and time of measurement confound for longitudinal.
reliability correct answers the extent to which it provides a consistent index of the behavior or topic of interest (consistent over time)
Validity correct answers the extent to which it measures what researchers think it measures
history graded events correct answers events that most people in a specific cohort experience at the same time. Historical events that impact a cohort ex. development of a cell phone, COVID, WW2 average longevity correct answers the age at which half the individuals who are born in a particular year will have died
maximum longevity correct answers oldest age to which any individual of a species lives
active life expectancy correct answers expectancy of living to a healthy age where an individual can do things for themselves
dependent life expectancy correct answers the age which one can expect to live with assistance
why is life expectancy increasing? correct answers medical/technological advances related to health; less infant deaths and death during pregnancy/childbirth
Which countries have the oldest people? correct answers japan, greece, italy and sweden have lots of older adults; sweden has the highest average life expectancy for men (80.7) and japan does for women (86.6)
What is the average life expectancy for men/women in the US? correct answers 76.4 for men and
81.2 for women
European americans live longer than... correct answers african americans until age 65. then it switches
Which race/group lives the longest? correct answers Latinos/hispanics
65-74 is considered correct answers young old
75-84 is considered correct answers middle old
85+ are considered correct answers old old
centenarians are considered correct answers super old
Which age group is growing at thr fastest rate? correct answers 85+ (if this is the answer choice, it's usually right!)
Why do people live in nursing homes? correct answers there is usually some kind of safety or emergency type of situation that forces a transition into a nursing home (their families are not able to help to the degree needed)
what are common age-related diseases? correct answers cardiovascular diseases (such as congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, or heart attack called myocardial infarction), atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, emphysema, cancer, osteoporosis, COPD
Cellular Theories related to aging correct answers telomeres, cross-linking, and free radicals
Metabolic Theories related to aging correct answers rate of living theories, caloric restriction
Genetic programming theory related to aging (aka program cell death) correct answers cells are programmed to die; appears to be the function of physiological processes, the innate ability of cells to self-destruct
telomere theory correct answers there is a limit to how often cells may divide before dying (called the Hay-flick limit), which may partially explain aging. The shortening of telomeres may be the major factor.
Cross-linking theory correct answers when certain proteins interact randomly and make the body
(cell walls) thicker. Cross-linking interferes with metabolism.
Free radicals theory correct answers highly reactive chemicals produced randomly during normal
cell metabolism, cause cell damage. Antioxidants may prevent these.
Metabolic theory/rate of living theory definition correct answers the idea that an organism only has so much energy to expend aka their lifespan ends when their energy is up.
caloric restriction correct answers A technique demonstrated to extend life span by restricting calories eaten/expended; not sure how accurate because of quality of life and circadian rhythms
cross-sectional design correct answers research design that examines people of different ages at a
single point in time; aging and cohort confound each other
longitudinal design correct answers research design in which one participant or group of participants is studied over a long period of time; aging and time of measurement confound each other
sequential design correct answers Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs involving repeated study of different cohorts over time; this study is the best to use because it eliminates cohort confound for cross-sectional and time of measurement confound for longitudinal.
reliability correct answers the extent to which it provides a consistent index of the behavior or topic of interest (consistent over time)
Validity correct answers the extent to which it measures what researchers think it measures
history graded events correct answers events that most people in a specific cohort experience at the same time. Historical events that impact a cohort ex. development of a cell phone, COVID, WW2 average longevity correct answers the age at which half the individuals who are born in a particular year will have died
maximum longevity correct answers oldest age to which any individual of a species lives
active life expectancy correct answers expectancy of living to a healthy age where an individual can do things for themselves
dependent life expectancy correct answers the age which one can expect to live with assistance
why is life expectancy increasing? correct answers medical/technological advances related to health; less infant deaths and death during pregnancy/childbirth
Which countries have the oldest people? correct answers japan, greece, italy and sweden have lots of older adults; sweden has the highest average life expectancy for men (80.7) and japan does for women (86.6)
What is the average life expectancy for men/women in the US? correct answers 76.4 for men and
81.2 for women
European americans live longer than... correct answers african americans until age 65. then it switches
Which race/group lives the longest? correct answers Latinos/hispanics
65-74 is considered correct answers young old
75-84 is considered correct answers middle old
85+ are considered correct answers old old
centenarians are considered correct answers super old
Which age group is growing at thr fastest rate? correct answers 85+ (if this is the answer choice, it's usually right!)
Why do people live in nursing homes? correct answers there is usually some kind of safety or emergency type of situation that forces a transition into a nursing home (their families are not able to help to the degree needed)
what are common age-related diseases? correct answers cardiovascular diseases (such as congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, or heart attack called myocardial infarction), atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular accident, hypertension, emphysema, cancer, osteoporosis, COPD
