Test Bank For Essentials of Life-Span Development, 7th Edition All Chapters - 9781260726800

Test Bank For Essentials of L ife-Span Development, 7th Edition All Chapters - 9781260726800 1) Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that A) begins at childhood and continues until adulthood. B) begins at conception and continues until adulthood. C) begins at birth and continues through the human life span. D) begins at conception and continues through the human life span. - Correct answer -D 2) Who among the following is most likely taking the traditional approach to the study of development? A) Daren who emphasizes developmental change throughout adulthood as well as childhood B) Nick who emphasizes ex tensive change in adulthood C) James who emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in old age D) Gregory who emphasizes development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidi sciplinary, and contextual - Correct answer -C 3) The ________ approach to the study of development emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, especially during infancy, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in old age. A) prescriptive B) constructivist C) traditional D) evolutionary - Correct answer -C Myelination the process by which axons become coated with myelin, a fatty substance that speeds the transmission of ne rve impulses from neuron to neuron Preoperational Stage In Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic operations -Piaget u sed this to refer to reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what before they could only do physically symbolic function substage Piaget's first substage of preoperational thought, in which the child gains the ability to mentally repre sent an object that is not present (between about 2 and 4 years of age). egocentrism In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view animism belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action intuitive thought substage Piaget's second substage of preoperational thought, in which children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of q uestions (between 4 and 7 years of age) centration A preoperational thought pattern involving the inability to take into account more than one factor at a time. conservation Piaget's term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance social constructivist approach An approach that emphasizes the social contexts of learning and that knowledge is mutually built and constructed. Vygotsky's theory reflects this approach. zone of proximal development vygotskys term for task too difficult for children to master alone but that can be mastered with assistance executive attention involves action planning, allocating attention to goals, error detection and compensation, monitoring progress on tasks, and dea ling with novel or difficult circumstances sustained attention The ability to maintain focused awareness on a target or idea (task object event) short -term memory Activated memory that holds a few items for 30 seconds unless rehearsed, such as the seven di gits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten theory of mind People's ideas about their own and others' mental states -- about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict 4) When taking his psychology class, Professor Sharma emphasizes that developmental change occurs through out adulthood as well as childhood. Professor Sharma is taking a(n) ________ appr oach to developmental change. A) life -span B) evolutionary C) normative D) constructivist - Correct answer -A 5) In the context of Laura Carstensen's view on life expectancy, which of the following statements is true? A) There has been a remarkable decreas e in the number of people living to an old age. B) The conception of work as a full -time endeavor ending in the early 60s is well suited for long lives. C) Science, technology, and behavioral changes have not kept pace with the increase in the number of people living to an old age. D) There should be a change from a world constructed mainly for the elderly to a world that is more compatible for young people. - Correct answer -C 6) On your first day of class, Professor Red -Elk claims that for too long we hav e focused on the development of young children, especially infants. She argues that the development of adults and elderly people is just as important. This professor is articulating a(n) ________ approach. A) evolutionary B) constructivist C) normative D) life-span - Correct answer -D 7) The maximum life span of humans A) has increased over time. B) has not changed since the beginning of recorded history. C) has matched their life expectancy in recent times. D) is about sixty -five years as the first decade of the twenty -first century draws to a close. - Correct answer -B 8) Which of the following is true of life expectancy in the United States? A) It decreased by 15 years in the beginning of the 21st century. B) It has remained unaffected by improvements in sanitation and nutrition. C) It increased by 30 years in the 20th century. D) It has remained unpredictable and has confused demographers. - Correct answer -C 9) The life expectancy in the United States is c urrently A) 60 years. B) 79 years. C) 85 years D) 53 years. - Correct answer -B 10) According to Paul Baltes's perspective of life -span development, which of the following statements is true? A) Development stops during adolescence. B) Development is multi dimensional. C) Development is unidirectional.