ANIMAL BREEDING EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE

ANIMAL BREEDING EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE What is the meaning of the followin g terms used in animal breeding? 1. Trait ANSWER -Any observable or measurable characteristic of an individual 2. Phenotype ANSWER -An observed category or measured level of performance for a trait in an individual 3. Genotype ANSWER -The genetic makeup of an individual 4. Environmental effect ANSWER -the effect that external (non -genetic) factors have on animal performanc e 5. Biological type ANSWER A classification for animals with similar genotypes for traits of interest. Examples include heavy draft types (horses), prolific wool types (sheep), large dual -purpose types (cattle), and tropically adapted types (many species) 6. System ANSWER -a group of interdependent component parts 7. Observable traits ANSWER -related to describing an appearance of an animal (coat color, size, muscling, feet/legs, head shape, udder composite, etc) 8. Measurable traits ANSWER -related to how an anim al performs (i.e. how fast track is running , rate of gain, etc) 9. Systems Approach ANSWER -Method used by breeders to t ry to attain best animal and su stain profitability. 10. Performance ANSWER -Phenotypes that are measured, not observed 11. Interaction ANSWER -a dependent relationship among components of a system in which the effects of any one component depends on other components present in the system 12. Genotype by environment ANSWER (GXE) a dependent relationship between genotypes and environment in which the di fference in performance between two or more genotypes changes from environment to environment 13. Breeding objective ANSWE R-a general goal for a breeding program a notion of what constitutes the best animal 14. Breed ANSWER A race of animals within a species. animals of the same breed usually have a common origin and similar identifying characteristics 15. What are the three structure of a breeding industry structure? ANSWER -elite breeders in first top, middle is multipers and bottom is end user 16. Germ plasm ANSWER -genetic material in the form of live animals , semen or embryos 17. Commercial producer ANSWER -an animal breeder whose p rimary product is a commodity f or public consumption 18. What are the examples of public consumption? ANSWER -poultry = chicken, turkey, eggs beef cattle = beef swine = pork and so on 19. Seed stock ANSWER -breeding stock, animals whose role is to be a parent or in other words, to contribute genes to the next generation 20. Purebred ANSWER -wholly of one breed or line 21. Line ANSWER -a group of rela ted animals within a breed 22. What are the factors that distort breeding objectives? ANSWER -competition, looking for traits such as coat or size when it is unnecessary, and undue reliance of the end users upon the opinions of the breeders higher up in the py ramid.