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Religion
In the current society, religion plays a fundamental role in propelling the social-cultural systems,
human behaviors, morals, and beliefs based on their supernatural and spiritual elements. As Behere
et al. ascertain, religion began during the reign of the primitive man that worshipped natural
features, including the celestial bodies, water, air, and clouds, among others (632). However, the
encroachment of civilization in the community resulted in the rapture of institutionalized religions
such as the western and eastern religions. Based on their dominion, the people inclined their
unwavering faith and belief in controlling powers unseen by the human eyes (Behere et al., 633).
Theological debates continue to rise over the differences between the eastern and western religions
as western religion practices monotheism whereas eastern religions practice polytheism. While
most scholars dwell on outlining the differences between the eastern and western religions, both
religious sects share a range of beliefs and moral values. Thus, developing a comparison between
Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, and Christianity rituals remains necessary in understanding
religious practices.
Religious Rituals
Religious rituals remain a common phenomenon among the eastern and western religions.
As outlined by George & Park, the ritual comprises repetitive and patterned attributes which
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prescribe the religious institution's beliefs and customary actions aimed at maintaining
communication with supernatural powers (1648). The religious members can perform the rituals
individually or collectively based on identified durations or seasons triggered by specific events.
Consequently, Smith ascertains that rituals remained the second normal feature within a religion
(93). Religious groups occurred based on celebrations and bereavement activities in societies. The
rituals assisted individuals in maintaining interactions to relieve their isolation during the tragic
moments. Besides, the rituals remain a significant pillar in religion since it offers believers a range
of opportunity to express and reaffirm their belief in an existing system (Georg & Park, 1648).
Indeed, rituals allow individuals to maintain communication with their supernatural powers, selfcommunication, and deities.
Comparison of Religious Rituals
Buddha
Buddhism maintained a religion that offered to preach based on devoid rituals. The Buddha
initiated ridicule towards the rigmarole of Brahmanism rites as immortal petitions offered to
ineffectual gods (Smith, 94). Instead, Buddha believed that the efficiency of rites and ceremonies
comprised the Ten Fetters, which binds the human spirit. Buddha resisted the existing temptations
in initiating new institutions (Smith, 95). Indeed, Van Voorst attested that the Buddha religion
maintains a significant ritual and worship actions that entail the relics' veneration. The relics
represent the world's holiest objects based on the Buddhism religion (101). The Buddhism monks
also bear the responsibility of performing various ritual activities on behalf of the congregation.
The ritual regulations required the monks to undergo a series of purification, sanctification, and
concentration to achieve a mindful contemplation.
Confucianism
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375X Assessment Pharmacogenomics & Personalised Medicine Pain, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating agents’ relief using Codeine (CYP2D6) medication
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October 26th 2022
I affirm that this presentation represents my own work, without the use of any unpermitted aid or resources 1 Introduction
Definitions Pharmacogenomic
Pharmacogenetics Pharmacogenomics (Cheek et al., 2015)Topic Selection
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mic importance in healthcare professional Precision Medicine Precision Medicine defined (Beery et al., 2018). Precision medicine importance in healthcare practice (Denny & Collins, 2021).
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