PN 2004 HEALTH PROMOTION FINAL Exam Questions With Correct Answers

EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 29, 2024 12:59 PM PN 2004 HEALTH PROMOTION FINAL Exam Questions With Correct Answers Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs - answer✔✔- Five categories of human needs that motivate human behavior - physiologic, security and safety, love and belonging, self esteem, self actualization Cohort effect - answer✔✔enables us to understand older adults from different cultures and different geographical areas In Eriksons older adults will experience what? - answer✔✔Ego integrity vs. despair -evaluating one's life/accomplishments for meaning Biological Theories - answer✔✔explain the physiological processes that change with aging, how is aging manifested on the molecular level in the cells, tissues, and body system. Stochastic (statistical) perspective - answer✔✔Identifies episodic events that happen throughout one's life that cause random cell damage and acc umulate over time, causing aging Includes: Free radical, cross linking theory, wear and tear Free radical theory - answer✔✔proposes that aging is due to oxidative metabolism and the effects of free radicals. Wear and tear theory - answer✔✔Cumulative change s as cells age and damage cellular metabolism (Example -inability to repair damaged DNA -- heart, neurons, striated muscle, brain cant replace after they are destroyed by wear and tear. Nonstochastic perspective - answer✔✔Aging occurs because of pre -program med genetic attributes or biological clock Nursing theories of aging - answer✔✔developed to address the need for providing framework to guide caregivers in nursing homes how to care for the older people and how to support them in the development process of aging EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 29, 2024 12:59 PM Is a big decline in memory and cognitive ability a part of the normal aging process? - answer✔✔No; our brains should remain relatively healthy as we age; this could be a separate disease process What are some things that the natural process of aging includes? - answer✔✔involves subtle changes in brain structure, chemistry, and function that commonly begin in midlife What is decline in bone mass accelerated by? - answer✔✔Immobility* Poor diet Smoking Excess alcohol intake Decreased estrogen Steroids Hyperthyroidism (Trauma) Physiological changes of aging: collagenous tissues - answer✔✔Loss of water from matrix, loss of elastic fibers Shrinkage of articular cartilage and vertebral discs (less shock absorption)* Stiffer tissues and decreased ROM* Sagging skin/organs Physiological changes of aging: cognition* - answer✔✔Decline in perceptual speed (need more time for tasks) Cognition declines significantly after 80 yrs Short term memory impairments (learning new skills affected) Numeric/verbal abilities AND long -term memory maintained! Physiological changes of aging: vision* - answer✔✔Decline in visual acuity: vision loss common >90yrs Decreased adaptation to dark/light -> increased sensitivity to light/glare Loss of color discrim ination Cataracts (blurry vision)