Unit 4 Exam Oakland University BIO 2101 Questions with well explained answers

_______ drains pancreatic juice into the duodenum - main pancreatic duct Describe the flow of bile through the biliary system - Flow of bile: liver--> R/L hepatic ducts--> common hepatic duct--> cystic duct--> gallbladder o The common hepatic duct becomes the bile duct as it courses through the pancreas Describe the flow of urine from the renal papilla to the ureter - renal pyramid (urine if made here)-->renal papilla--> collecting ducts--> minor calyx--> major calyx--> renal pelvis-->ureter Describe the micturition reflex - The micturition reflex (urination) involves the contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the external urethral sphincter. When the bladder is sufficiently distended with urine, stretch receptors in the wall of the bladder signal the micturition reflex center in the spinal cord to send a motor impulse along the parasympathetic nerves to the detrusor muscle. The detrusor muscle is made of smooth muscle while the external urethral sphincter is made of skeletal muscle Describe the vascular supply throughout the kidneys - -The renal artery supplies the kidney, the renal vein drains the kidney renal artery-->afferent arteriole-->golumular capillaries-->efferent arteriole-->peritubular capillaries-- >venule-->renal vein Describe where the apex of the heart is versus the base of the heart. What are the 3 great vessels of the heart? - - Base= superior portion of the heart - Apex= inferior portion of the heart (left ventricle) - 3 Great Vessels: aorta, SVC, and pulmonary trunk Function of ACTH - helps the body react to stress by stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal glandFunction of ADH - stimulates water retention Function of androgens - support sperm formation; promote development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics Function of cortisol - "stress hormone", controls blood sugar, metabolism, salt/water balance, and assists fetus development Function of EPI and NE - increases heart rate (vasodilation), muscle strength, and sugar metabolism Function of FSH - Stimulates development of the follicle in the ovaries to release an egg during ovulation Function of GH - stimulates muscle growth, linear growth, and decreases fat production Function of LH - For women, causes ovulation , produces progesterone for pregnancy; For men, stimulates production of testosterone in the testes Function of oxytocin - uterine contractions and milk ejection Function of prolactin - stimulates milk production in breast, inhibits ovulation Function of TSH - Thyroid stimulating hormone; TSH causes the thyroid gland to make two hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4); regulates body weight, temperature, muscle strength, and mood Function/location of the parathroid - found on the posterior side of the thyroid gland; made up of 4 glands that regulate Ca2+ by secreting PTH (responds to low B/Ca2+ levelsFunction/location of the pineal gland - inside epithalamus; secretes melatonin with circadian rhythms Function/location of the thyroid - found on the anterior neck; regulates growth and metabolism; highly vascular gland; produces T3 and T4 ( increases your basal metabolic rate) How many bronchi and vessels are housed in the hilum of the lungs? - 1 primary bronchi, 1 pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins; allows for transportation of blood List the four chambers of the heart and name specific features - - Right atrium: Musculi pectinae, fossa ovalis, IVC, SVC, coronary sinus - Left atrium: smooth wall, 4 pulmonary veins -Right ventricle: Tricuspid valve, chordae tendineae, papillary muscle, trabecular carne, moderator band -Left ventricle: Bicuspid valve, chordae tendineae, papillary muscle, trabecular carne