Microbiology: An introduction (Tortora) Ch. 1 qustions and solutions

Microbiology: An introduction (Tortora) Ch. 1 qustions and solutions Microbes (Microorganisms) - (correct answer) -Minute living things individually too small to be seen w/ unaided eye. Includes bacteria, protozoa, microscopic algae, archaea, fungi, multicellular animal parasites Pathogenic microorganisms - (correct answer) -Disease-carrying organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye Genus - (correct answer) -(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species Specific eithet (species) - (correct answer) -Name that follows genus, not capitalized. Bacteria (singular bacterium) - (correct answer) -Simple, single-celled, prokaryotic organisms, have peptidoglycan cell walls, reproduce through binary fission. Make energy by use of organic and inorganic chemicals, and/or through photosynthesis Prokaryotes - (correct answer) -A single-celled organism that has no nucleus and has no membrane-bound organelles Archaea - (correct answer) -Prokaryotic single-celled organisms that lack peptidoglycan in their cells walls. Live in extreme environments. Divided into three subsets: Methanogens, Extreme Halophiles, Thermophiles. Fungi (sing: fungus) - (correct answer) -Eukaryotes, Chitin cell walls, Use organic chemicals for energy, Molds and mushrooms are multicellular, consisting of masses of mycelia, which are composed of filaments called hyphae. Yeasts are unicellular Eukaryotes - (correct answer) -All multicellular and unicellular nonbacteria organisms. Bounded by a cell membrane and contains cytoplasm. cytoplasm contains organelles suspended in a semifluid medium called cytosol. The genetic material consists of linear strands of DNA organized into chromosomes located in the nucleus. Protozoa (sing: protozoan) - (correct answer) -Eukaryotes, Absorb or ingest organic chemicals. May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella. Protozoa have no cell wall. Have a thickening of their cell membrane, but have no cell wall Algae (sing: alga) - (correct answer) -Eukaryotes, Cellulose cell walls. Use photosynthesis for energy. Produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds Viruses - (correct answer) -Acellular, Consists of DNA or RNA core, Core is surrounded by a protein coat, Coat may be enclosed in a lipid envelope, Are replicated only when they are in a living host cell Helminths - (correct answer) -Parasitic flatworms and roundworms Cell Theory - (correct answer) -Theory that all living things are composed of cells Spontaneous generation - (correct answer) -Hypothesis stating that life could arise from nonliving matter. Biogenesis - (correct answer) -the production of living organisms from other living organisms