EMS 202 midterm Exam Questions With Correct Answers.

EMS 202 midterm Exam Questions With Correct Answers. Golden Hour/Period - answerThe time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best. Usually within 1 hour Crush Injury - answerTrauma pattern in which the body tissues are subjected to severe compressive forces. -Limited circulation -Tissue hypoxia and acidosis, muscle rigor crush syndrome - answer-Body part trapped for 4 hours or longer. -Broad systemic complications -muscle tissue necrosis(rhabdomyolysis) releases toxins -myoglobin, phosphate, potassium and lactic acid enter circulation on limb is extricated. -myoglobin in renal tubes results in renal failure #1 cause if delayed death in crush syndrome -Increased potassium(hyperkalemia) causes arrhythmias Rear end collision - answerMaintain higher index of suspicion, degree of injury may be greater than damage indicates Pressure wave injuries - answer-Most serious and life-threatening -damage air-filled body spaces i.e middle ear, sinuses, bowels, and lungs -pneumothorax Shearing injuries to internal organs - answerTypically caused by sudden deceleration forces Vehicle supplemental restraint systems (air bags) - answer-absorb the energy exchange of rapid deceleration -protection is only for the 1st impact anaerobic metabolism - answer-responsible for accumulating lactic acid in shock EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 30, 2024 11:26 AM Indicator patient has transitioned from compensated to decompensated shock - answerHypotension Fascia - answerTough fibrous sheaths that bundle skeletal muscle integumentary system prevents pathogens from entering body - answerBy providing a barrier to the environment partial thickness burn - answer-2nd degree - epidermis and dermis - pain, blisters, erythema(redness) superficial burns - answer-1st degree -only epidermis -pain, minor edema, and erythema(redness) Full thickness burns - answer-3rd degree -all skin layers and possibly structures beneath -painless, tissue destroyed. -white, brown, charred, leather like appearance eschar - answer-destroyed dermal cells, that constrict over wound site, restricting blood flow Minor burn classification - answerSuperficial: less than 50% BSA (sunburns) Partial thickness: lest than 10% BSA Moderate burn classification - answerSuperficial: BSA50% Partial thickness: BSA30% Full thickness: BSA10% ANY PARTIAL OR FULL THICKNESS BURNS INVOLVING HANDS, FEET, JOINTS, FACE, OR GENITALIA Critical burn classification - answerPartial thickness: BSA30% Full thickness: BSA10% INHALATION INJURY Parkland formula - answer4mL/ kg of body weight, and first half within the first 8 hours -4mL x KG x BSA = total amount for 24hrs EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 30, 2024 11:26 AM Hyperventilation in brain injuries - answerDetrimental, vasoconstriction results in decreased cerebral perfusion Linear skull fracture - answer-Small cracks in the cranium -80% of all skull fractures -often seen in temporal bone basilar skull fracture - answer-fracture at the base of the skull -hollow or open structures such as sinuses, orbits, nasal cavities Epidural hematoma - answer-Bleeding between the dura mater and the skull -arterial vessels -ICP builds rapidly Subdural hematoma - answer-slow, venous bleed - above the pita mater in the subarachnoid space Intracerebral hemorrhage - answer-Ruptured blood vessel that releases blood into the brain -presents like a stroke; quick onset of signs and symptoms Concussion - answer-Mild to moderate disuse axonal injury -result of compression, acceleration or decereation. Cushing's triad - answer-irregular respirations -bradycardia -widened pulse pressure Morbidity associated with simple pneumothorax - answerV/Q mismatch Phrenic nerve - answer-Cervical C1-C5 -Controls diaphragm -Respiratory paralysis Commotio Cordis - answer-A blunt chest injury c