BIOLOGY 1000 LECTURE EXAM 2 Qs&As MACOMB COMMUNITY COLLEGE nutrient - ANS-✔✔ Compounds in food that the body requires for proper growth, maintenance, and functioning. Omnivore - ANS-✔✔ An animal that eats both plants and animals. Herbivore - ANS-✔✔ A consumer that eats only plants. Carnivore - ANS-✔✔ A consumer that eats only animals. Peristalsis - ANS-✔✔ Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. Enzyme - ANS-✔✔ A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing Villi - ANS-✔✔ Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption Bile - ANS-✔✔ A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles. feces - ANS-✔✔ solid wastes; stool List the functions of a digestive tract. - ANS-✔✔ Ingests food Breaks food down into small molecules that can cross plasma membranes. Absorbs nutrient molecules Eliminates undigestible remains Distinguis h between incomplete and complete digestive tracts. - ANS-✔✔ Incomplete digestive tract - Has a single opening EX: Planarian Complete digestive tract -Has two openings EX: Earth worms Describe adaptations to diet. - ANS-✔✔ -Dentition differs with mode of nutr ition. Omnivores, Herbivores, Carnivores. Describe the basic structures of the human digestive tract. - ANS-✔✔ Complete digestive tract -begins with a mouth and ends with an anus. Digestion is entirely extracellular. Digestive enzymes are secreted by the wa ll of the digestive tract and accessory glands. Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach The small intestine Large intestine Accessory organs Describe what happens to a mouthful of food as it passes from the mouth the the anus along the human digestive tract. - ANS-✔✔ The mouth mixes chewed food with saliva and forms mixture into bolus. The esophagus moves food to stomach by peristalsis. In the s tomach, food mixing with gastric juices become chyme. Chyme from stomach enters the duodenum, Chyme mixes with secretions from the liver and pancreas. Pancreas and epithelial cells produce digestive enzymes, completing the process of food digestion in the small intestine. Large intestines stores undigestible material until it is eliminated at the anus. List the digestive enzymes, where they are secreted, and their action. - ANS-✔✔ Pepsin Trypsin Peptidase Lipase Amylase Maltase Lactase Sacharase Explain ho w the structure of the small intestine is suited for absorption. - ANS-✔✔ Villi are ridges of the surface, which contain even smaller ridges called microvilli. These greatly increase the surface area of absorption. Describe the roles of the pancreas, liver , and gallbladder in digestion. - ANS-✔✔ Pancreas - Exocrine gland. Secretes pancreatic juice and digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Pancreatic amylase digests starch. Trypsin digests protein. Lipase digests fats. Endocrine function. Secretes insulin and g lucagon to regulate blood glucose levels. Liver -Lobules are its structural and functional units. Triads consist of A bile duct, branch of hepatic artery, and a branch of the hepatic portal vein. Detoxification of the blood, storage of iron and some vitami ns, production of plasma proteins, storage of glucose as glycogen, production of urea, removal of bilirubin, regulation of blood cholesterol levels. Gallbladder -Stores excess bile,Gallstones form when the cholesterol in bile crystallizes. Describe the wa ys in which the liver and pancreas function in regulating blood glucose levels. - ANS-✔✔
Pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon. Explain the role of bacteria that are found in the large intestine. - ANS-✔✔ This bacteria breaks down undigestible material and produces vitamins.
Pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon. Explain the role of bacteria that are found in the large intestine. - ANS-✔✔ This bacteria breaks down undigestible material and produces vitamins.
