Micro chapter 4 Questions and Answers graded A+

Micro chapter 4 Questions and Answers graded A+ A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has flagella If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the cell wall Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized? capsule Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule that composes the bacterial cell walls All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease, except inclusions A prokaryotic cell wall that is primarily composed of peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is gram-positive A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is Mycobacterium All of the following pertain to endotoxins are TRUE, except they are found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria The periplasmic space is an important reaction site for substances entering and leaving the cell The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is the predominance of unique, waxy lipids Which of the following, pertaining to prokaryotic cell membranes, is mismatched? unique hydrocarbon present-cyanobacteria The bacterial chromosome is part of the nucleoid Which is mismatched? plasmids-genes essential for growth and metabolism Magnetosomes are composed of magnetic iron oxide particles. The function of bacterial endospores is for protection of genetic material during harsh conditions Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure? endospore Endospores are metabolically inactive. resistant to heat and chemical destruction. resistant to destruction by radiation. living structures. Bacterial endospores are not produced by Staphylococcus. Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes? tetrad Which statement is not a characteristic of biofilms? they involve bacteria only Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages, except cilia An important indicator of evolutionary history is the nitrogen base sequence of rRNA Which phylum is mismatched? Proteobacteria-archaea cell walls Which is mismatched? Cyanobacteria-filamentous, glidingthermophilic bacteria The presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, gas inclusions, and cysts would be associated with cyanobacteria When a rod-shaped bacteria is short and plump, it is called a coccobacillus Sarcinae refers to a cuboidal packetof cells. All of the following are correct about biofilms, except they are harmlessharmless microbes and never cause disease. Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be lophotrichous All of the following are correct about a slime layer, except it enables movement of cells. Lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, provides a natural defense against bacteria by hydrolyzing peptidoglycan in cell walls. Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called periplasmicflagella (axial filaments). Which cell structure is an important component in modern genetic engineering techniques? plasmids A microorganism has been described to you as living in hot acidic habitats in the waste piles of coal mines that regularly sustain a pH of 1 and a temperature of nearly 60 °C. Which type of organism do you immediately assume it is? Archaea Which of the following is mismatched? Coxiella burnetti :cowpox Which of the following characteristics is not a property of cells or living things? cell boundary Which of the following makes possible the differentiation of members of the genus Mycobacterium and the genus Nocardia from other bacteria? the acid-fast stain Which of the following characteristics of living things is/are not found among viruses? cellular metabolism The process of endosporeformation is _____________, while the process of an endospore growing into a vegetative cell is ____________. sporulation; germination In bacteria such as members of the Bacillus and Clostridium genera, nutrient depletion is likely to result in sporulation Which of the following represents size relationships from smallest to largest? rhinovirus, Ebola virus, Staphylococcus cell, yeast cell, red blood cell, squamous epithelial cell What unit of measure is most appropriate for expressing the size of bacteria? micrometer The short, numerous bristlelike appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called fimbriae According to current thought regarding the domains of life, which two domains are believed to be the most closely related? archea and eukarya Classification and taxonomy provide information and contribute to each of the following endeavors, except selection of appropriate antibiotics. Which of the three domains includes organisms that would be most likely to survive the environmental conditions that existed on Earth nearly 4 billion years ago? Archaea Bacteria and Archaeacan be differentiated from one another by the chemical makeup of the cell wall A newly described unicellular organism was isolated from a salt mine.This organism has no membranous organelles and its cell wall lacks peptidoglycan. Attempts to culture it in a medium with less than 25% salt were unsuccessful, but it was able to grow well on 25% salt supplemented agar. This organism would best be described as a ______________ and is most likely in the domain ___________. halophile; Archaea.