Pharmacy Informatics Final Exam Questions and Answers

Pharmacy Informatics Final Exam Questions and Answers What are all pharmacists affected by? The electronic information systems that make up pharmacy informatics in virtually every aspect of practice What are the two broad categories of information used in pharmacy informatics as well as other clinical informatics domains? Patient specific information and knowledge based information What is the vision of healthcare? becoming more patient centered How does significant communication gaps exist when multiple healthcare institutions provide care for the same patient ? Because the current healthcare system is Decentralized and fragmented Substantial evidence suggests that more effective communication would do what? (2) improve patient care and reduce medical error, such as adverse drug events The desired result for interoperable systems and electronic health records is to? readily provide all health practitioners in all locations, including the pharmacy, with access to information about a patient's care, as needed In order to increase adoption and meaningful use of electronic health records(EHRs) by providers and hospitals, the centers for Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS) developed what? A monetary incentive program The Meaningful Use Program incentives hospitals and physician to use what? (EHRs) Electronic health records to achieve specific outcomes, which may be process oriented or patient oriented The goals of the Meaningful Use program are to do what? (4) 1. Improve quality, safety and efficiency 2. Engage patients and their families 3. improve care coordination, as well as public and population health 4. maintain privacy and security of protected health information Jimmy turned 4 years old and has been recently diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). His pediatrician recommended behavior therapy to improve his symptoms. His parents learned from a support group site that some kids are taking methylphenidate, and they want to know whether Jimmy could take it to improve his symptoms. If prescribed methylphenidate, Jimmy's parents should be concerned that he'll be at an increased risk of having a cardiovascular event (attachment provided)? False A MEDLINE search using the MeSH terms for stroke and aspirin is conducted to find information on whether every woman over the age of 55 years should take low-dose aspirin for stroke prevention. In addition to this approach, which search strategy would best minimize the retrieval of erroneous data? A. Using the keyword word search of "aspirin AND stroke". B. Using the subheading "therapeutic use". C. Limiting the sex to "female". D. Restricting the publication type to "review" C Which of the following resources would most efficiently and effecitvely identify if simvastatin, benazapril and omeprazole interact with clarithromycin? A: Micromedex B: Lexicomp C: Clinical Pharmacology D: All of the above D Which best describes information that is considered protected health information (PHI)? A. Town of residence. B. Certificate and license numbers. C. Age of a patient who is 46 years old. D. State of residence. B Dr. Thomas calls the pharmacy Monday morning to ask what to order to treat cough for his 29 year old patient that is 2 months pregnant. She appears to have symptoms caused by the common cold and is complaining of a cough. He prefers using dextromethorphan, but also asks about ordering benzonatate. The patient is healthy with no other complaints. What would the main outcome be for the case? treating cough without harming fetus Which of the following is the last step in the monitoring process? a. Monitoring the response to therapy b. Assessing the response to therapy c. Setting therapeutic goals d. Integrating the monitoring plan e. Determining specific monitoring parameters B List an example of a question to be considered prior to formulating a response to a drug information question: Why is the question being asked? Which of the following are important considerations when evaluating an original research article? A. appropriateness of the study design B. clinical significance of statistically significant date C. study participant characteristics D. all of the above E. none of the above D Which is true regarding the desired characteristics of a response? A: Accurate and may be applied in different situations B: Concise and supported by medical evidence C: Biased and logical D: Ensure it could be used for a case report B Which of the following is an example of a tertiary resource? A: DiPiro Textbook B: LexiComp C: EMBASE D: Both A and B E: All of the above D Which of the following is an example of a primary resource? A: LexiComp B: PubMed C: Randomized clinical trial D: Both A and C E: All of the above C Which of the following is/are true for referencing? A: List authors last name followed by maximum of 2 initials B: Abbreviate book titles C: Capitalize all main words for a journal D: Both A and C E: All of the above D Ben is 60 years old and has degenerative osteoarthritis. He wants to know whether glucosamine and chondroitin would be effective in relieving his pain. Identify the problem. osteoarthritis pain Jimmy is 4 and has been diagnosed with ADHD. His pediatrician recommended behavior therapy. His parents learned that some children take methylphenidate for this, and they want to know if it is effective. Identify the intervention. behavior therapy Melissa is pregnant and comes to your pharmacy today complaining of nausea (morning sickness). A friend told her that B6 helped her relieve nausea during pregnancy, while a coworker said that ginger works best. She would like to know your opinion as to whether she should take B6 or ginger to relieve her symptoms. Identify the alternative. Ginger Jane is 25 years old, has chronic migraines, and is currently taking ergotamine. She recently learned from a story she read online that botulinum toxin is effective in treating migraine headaches. She wants to know if botulinum toxin is effective in treating migraine headaches, and if it is more effective than ergotamine. Identify the outcome. migraine relief Which of the following represents the correct order of the medication use process? a. Monitoring, prescribing, order verification, administration, follow-up b. Prescribing, order verification, dispensing, administration, monitoring c. Order verification, dispensing, administration, monitoring, documentation d. Assessment, prescribing, order verification, administration, monitoring e. None of the above B (PODAM) Pharmacy informatics includes: a. People b. Information c. Technology d. a and b e. a, b, and c E The two primary types of information used in pharmacy informatics include: a. Patient-specific and clinical expertise b. Clinical expertise and knowledge-based c. Patient-specific and knowledge-based d. Referential and guidelines e. None of the above C The primary similarity between CPOE and e-prescriptions is they: a. Are easy to implement because they do not disrupt workflow b. Both address the dispensing stage of the medication use process c. Eliminate illegible prescriptions d. Eliminate all errors related to prescribing e. c and d C (CPEO=Computerized Provider Order Entry A. workflow is a concern for CPEO but not so much for e-prescriptions. B. CPEO addresses the dispensing stage but e-prescriptions do not. D. Both reduce errors related to prescribing but neither eliminate all errors.) Which of the following provides the communication network for e-prescriptions? a. Clinical decision support systems b. Big Data c. Health 2.0 d. Prescription drug monitoring programs e. Surescripts® E (A. Clinical decision support systems provide clinicians with person-specific information, filtered at appropriate times to foster better individual patient care. B. Big data are captured through activities in the normal course of business and are stored in large data repositories for analysis, which then drives decision making. C. Health 2.0 refers to the use of social media to navigate and communicate with healthcare professionals and other patients to garner a better understanding of one's personal health. D. PMDP monitors state-wide dispensing and prescribing of controlled substances and other drugs of abuse) The three components of clinical decision support systems include: a. CPOE system, transmission network, transmission standards b. Knowledge base, e-prescription network, transmission standards c. Communication mechanism, knowledge base, CPOE system d. Inference engine, knowledge base, communication mechanism e. None of the above D (transmission networks/standards are irrelevant to clinical decision-making) The main benefits of CDSS include the ability to decrease: a. ADEs b. Costs c. Length of stay d. All of the above e. a and b D (CDSS=Clinical Decision Support System) Prescriptions created electronically (by CPOE and e-prescribing) have already undergone clinical review by CDSS when they reach the pharmacists for order verification. Research suggests that: a. These prescriptions are ready for dispensing, requiring no additional review b. Problems still exist with prescriptions created electronically c. Pharmacists must remain diligent when reviewing all prescription orders d. Physicians do not rely on the information presented to them by CDSS e. b and c E Which of the following is true concerning NDCs? a. There is no single repository of NDCs b. The FDA assigns the first segment of the NDC c. NDCs are too long for some automation to read d. All NDCs are in the 5-4-2 format e. All of the above D (the FDA assigns the labeler code and is the single repository of NDCs) Dispensing automation commonly found in hospitals include: a. Carousel cabinets b. Automated dispensing cabinets c. Robotic cart filling systems d. Sterile compounding devices e. All of the above E Which of the following is an example of a Big Data resource? a. Electronic health records b. Individuals' digital food log c. A hospital's Facebook page d. Personal health records e. b and d A Which of the following is an example of a Little Data resource? a. Electronic health records b. Individuals' digital food log c. A hospital's Facebook page d. Personal health records e. b and d E (a hospital's FB page is considered Health 2.0, not data) Which of the following is a potential application of the Internet of Things in the hospital setting? a. Automated tracking of the physical location of medical devices b. Use of stationary interactive digital kiosks to provide information to visitors c. Computer programs that are used to augment physicians' clinical decisions d. Use of electronic medication administration records e. Use of bar code verification during medication administration A (Internet of Things=wifi capability and real-time tracking of virtually anything)