Chapter 45: Nutrition Exam Questions And Answers

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - ANS Energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) - ANS Resting metabolic rate over a 24-hour period kcal - ANS Kilocalorie Nutrient Density - ANS The proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories Saccharides - ANS carbohydrate units Simple Carbohydrates - ANS are found primarily in sugars Fiber - ANS Polysaccharide that does not contribute calories to the diet. Proteins - ANS A source of energy (4kcal/g) Amino Acid - ANS Simplest form of protein Indispensible Amino Acids - ANS Histidine, lysine, and phenylalanine Dispensible Amino Acids - ANS Alanine, asparagine, and glutamic acid Nitrogen Balance - ANS The intake and output of nitogrogen are equal Lipids - ANS Most calorie-dense nutrient; provides 9kcal/g Triglycerides - ANS Made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol Saturated Fatty Acids - ANS Each carbon has two attached hydrogen atoms Unsaturated Fatty Acids - ANS Unequal number of hydrogen atoms are attached and the carbon atoms attach to each other with a double bond Monounsatured Fatty Acids - ANS Fatty acids with one double bond Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids - ANS Fatty acids that have two or more double carbon bonds Water - ANS Makes up 60%-70% of total body weight Fat-Soluble Vitamins - ANS Vitamins A, D, E, K Hypervitaminosis - ANS Results from megadoses of supplemental vitamins, fortified food, and large intake of fish oils Water-Soluble Vitamins - ANS Vitamin C & B Complex Trace Elements - ANS Inorganic elements that act as catalysts in biochemical reactions Enzymes - ANS Protein-like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions Peristalsis - ANS Wave-like muscular contractions Chyme - ANS Acidic, liquified mass Active Transport - ANS Particles move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration Passive Diffusion - ANS Force by which particles move outward from an area of greater concentration to lesser concentration Osmosis - ANS Movement of water through a membrane that separates solutions of different concentrations, do not need a special "carrier"