PN 1005 MIDTERM EXAM; QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS

PN 1005 MIDTERM EXAM; QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS term to describe the effects of a drug, sometimes it is called a side effect, that is no t desirable and can even be dangerous - ANSWER Adverse effects term for the name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical company that developed it also called a trade name or proprietary name - ANSWER Brand name a name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug is called the .. - ANSWER generic name chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about change - ANSWE R drugs The federal agency responsible for the regulation and enforcement of drug evaluation and distribution policies - ANSWER FDA- food and Dru g Administration drugs sold by their generic name; not brand name or trade name product - ANSWER generic drugs The original designation (name) that a drug is given when the company that developed it applies for the approval process - think chemical makeup - ANSWER generic name process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce a chemical to be used as a drug - ANSWER genetic engineering Drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for a drug comp any, usually drugs that would treat only a small number of people, this type of drug ca n* be adopted by drug companies to develop - ANSWER orphan drugs drugs that are available without prescription for self-treatment - AN SWER OTC - over-the-counter drugs the study of the biological effects of chemicals - ANSWER pharmacology Clinical pharmacology- the branch of pharm that deals with drugs, and chemicals used for medicine, treatment, prevention, and diagnosis - ANSWER Pharmacotherapeutics Which phase is this? A pilot study of a potential drug using a small number of selected, usually healthy human volunteers - ANSWER Phase I Which phase is this? a clinical study of a proposed drug by selected physicians using actual patients who have the disorder the drug is designed to treat - ANSWER Phase II Which phase out of 4 is this? drug used in vast clinical market - ANSWER Phase III Which phase out of 4 is this? continuous evaluation of a drug after it has been released for marketing - ANSWER Phase IV The initial trial of a chemical thought to have therapeutic potential u ses laboratory animals and not human subjects - ANSWER Preclinical trials Having adverse effects on the fetus is called? - ANSWER Teratogenic The following are all types of sources that make up ___________ plants, animals, inorganic elements, synthetic preparations - ANSWE R drugs The DEA controlled substance categories indicate? - ANSWER the abuse poten tial and associated regulation of a drug Are generic drugs sold under their generic name or their brand name? - ANSWER Generic Are brand name drugs or generic drugs safer/cheaper? - ANSWER Brand names are more expensive but safer Where are some places you can find information of a drug? (3) - ANSWER drug label reference books/journals internet sites Action of the body on the drug - ANSWER Pharmacokinetics What are 3 key tests that a drug must pass in accordance to the FDA - ANSWER animal testing human testing selected testing (disease) taking what type of drug could potentially mask signs and symptoms of und erlying diseases, making diagnosing difficult? - ANSWER Over the counter dru gs Can you safely take OTC drugs with prescription meds? - ANSWER No, can cause a negative drug-drug interaction Can taking OTC drugs directly cause an overdose - ANSWER No, not directly a term that describes what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body unti l it enters the circulating fluid - ANSWER Absorption What type of drug administration causes the drug to directly enter the circulatin g blood, bypassing the other barriers - ANSWER intravenous (IV) The movement of substances across a cell membrane against* the concentratio n gradient - requires energy - ANSWER Active transport synthetic chemicals used to interfere with the functioning of foreign cell populations, causing cell death, used for drug therapy with the desired effect being neoplasms - ANSWER Chemotherapeutic agents the concentration a drug must reach in the tissues to cause the desired t herapeutic effect - ANSWER critical concentration movement of a drug to body tissue - ANSWER distribution the *distribution* of a drug depends on (4 things) - ANSWER solubilit y, perfusion, cardiac output, and binding to plasma proteins removal of a drug from the body; primarily occurs in the kidneys, but can also occur through the skin, lungs, bile, or feces - ANSWER excretion a phenomenon in which drugs given orally are carried directly to the liver, where they can be inactivated by liver enzymes before they enter general circulation - ANSWER first pass effect Oral drugs are often given in higher doses because? - ANSWER process of the firs t pass effect causing liver enzymes to attack the drug, a higher dosage offers the therapeutic effect even if some of the chemical is inactivated the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the ren al tubule - ANSWER glomerular filtration the time it takes a drug to decrease to one half of its peak level - ANSWER half li fe the use of a higher dose is what is typically used for in treatments to allow the dr ug to reach the critical concentration sooner is called the ....... - ANSWER load ing dose the movement of substances across a semipermeable membrane with the concentration gradient - no energy needed - ANSWER passive diffusion the study of the interactions between chemical components of living sys tems and the foreign chemicals - including drugs that enter living organism s aka : how the drug effects the body - ANSWER Pharmacodynamics the study of genetically determined variations in the response to drugs - ANSWE R pharmacogenomics