TIM1 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Name 2 high-potency and 2 low-potency typical APs -
ANSWER-chlorpromazine & thiordazine are LOW potency;
fluphenazine and haloperidol are HIGH potency
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER-The study of:
the effects of drugs on the body and substances within the
body;
the mechanisms of drug action;
and the relationship between [drug] and effect.
Potency - ANSWER-The relative strength of a cpd in
comparison to like cpds.
Should be used in liver dysfunction BZDs - ANSWER-LOT
Lorazepam, Oxazepam, Temazepam; go thru phase 2 in liver
VPA Indications? Acute therapy? Maintenance therapy? -
ANSWER-an anticonvulsant used for seizure disorder, migraine
headaches, aggression, acute Bipolar d/o, and for maintenance
What are Buspirones major side effects? - ANSWER-dizziness,
nausea, headaches, nervousness (usually pretty well tolerated)
What are some common side effects of CBZ? - ANSWER-
Diplopia, sedation, dizziness, anticholinergic SEs, rash, weight
gain,
What are some common side effects of topiramate? -
ANSWER-weight loss, mental slowing, nephrolithiasis,
sedation, dizziness, ataxia, N/V, diplopia, blurred vision
,What are some concerns related to zolpidem? - ANSWER-
"Crazy" behaviors accompanied by amnesia of an event; may
increase PTSD retention of negative memories
What are some of the atypical APs class side effects? -
ANSWER-sedation, hypotension, weight gain, and metabolic
changes
Define dependence - ANSWER-When you experience
withdrawal from d/c-ing a medication
Define pharmacokinetics. - ANSWER-The movement of a drug
overtime in the body.
Define pharmacology. - ANSWER-The deliberate therapeutic
applications of chemical substances used to prevent, treat, and
diagnose disease.
Define tolerance - ANSWER-Reduced response to drug
causing more drug to take effect
Describe a method for tapering someone off a BZD -
ANSWER-Taper off 10-25% every 1-2 weeks (long acting
BZDs are easier to taper)
Describe phase 1 in liver metabolism of drugs. - ANSWER-
Converts lipophilic molecules into more polar molecules;
oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis; inactivate and activate;
CYP450 system
Describe phase 2 of liver metabolism of drugs. - ANSWER-
Conjugation, Molecules are inactive
Describe the DDI between SSRIs and narcotics - ANSWER-
CYP2D6 converts narcotics into active form. SSRIs inhibit
CYP2D6, ie less CYP2D6 available to make narcotics active.
results in less effective narcotics
, Describe the dietary restrictions necessary with MAOI use -
ANSWER-Avoid aged-protein foods, soy products, cheese,
overripe fruit, aged sausages, and dried fish
Discuss the substrate and inducer drug intereaction that takes
place in the CYP450 system. - ANSWER-The inducer causes
the body to make more enzyme (i.e. Rifampin causes the body
to make more CYP34A), therefore creating more enzyme to
break down the substrate (More CYP34A to break down
Lipitor). This typically takes longer (2 weeks) to show up.
Discuss the Substrate and Inhibitor drug interaction that occurs
in the CYP450 system. - ANSWER-The substrate binds to an
enzyme (i.e. Lipitor binds to CYP34A) and the inhibitor binds to
that same enzyme (Grapefruit juice blocks CYP34A),
preventing the substrate from being broken down, therefore
increasing the effects and side effects of the substrate (Lipitor)
Efficacy - ANSWER-The ability of a cpd to produce a
therapeutic effect.
Explain the principle of protein binding and protein binding
displacement drug-drug interactions. - ANSWER-Drugs have a
certain affinity to plasma proteins (especially albumin); only
unbound drugs can elicit a reaction, and drugs that have a
higher affinity to bind the protein will "kick" the other drugs off
the protein.
GABAa - ANSWER-ataxia, amnesia, anti-convulsant, bound by
BZDs & BARBs (+ general GABA features)
GABAb - ANSWER-receptor for Baclofen (plus general GABA
features)
How are the 4 dopaminergic pathways implicated in the
pathophysiology schizophrenia? What role do they have in
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Name 2 high-potency and 2 low-potency typical APs -
ANSWER-chlorpromazine & thiordazine are LOW potency;
fluphenazine and haloperidol are HIGH potency
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER-The study of:
the effects of drugs on the body and substances within the
body;
the mechanisms of drug action;
and the relationship between [drug] and effect.
Potency - ANSWER-The relative strength of a cpd in
comparison to like cpds.
Should be used in liver dysfunction BZDs - ANSWER-LOT
Lorazepam, Oxazepam, Temazepam; go thru phase 2 in liver
VPA Indications? Acute therapy? Maintenance therapy? -
ANSWER-an anticonvulsant used for seizure disorder, migraine
headaches, aggression, acute Bipolar d/o, and for maintenance
What are Buspirones major side effects? - ANSWER-dizziness,
nausea, headaches, nervousness (usually pretty well tolerated)
What are some common side effects of CBZ? - ANSWER-
Diplopia, sedation, dizziness, anticholinergic SEs, rash, weight
gain,
What are some common side effects of topiramate? -
ANSWER-weight loss, mental slowing, nephrolithiasis,
sedation, dizziness, ataxia, N/V, diplopia, blurred vision
,What are some concerns related to zolpidem? - ANSWER-
"Crazy" behaviors accompanied by amnesia of an event; may
increase PTSD retention of negative memories
What are some of the atypical APs class side effects? -
ANSWER-sedation, hypotension, weight gain, and metabolic
changes
Define dependence - ANSWER-When you experience
withdrawal from d/c-ing a medication
Define pharmacokinetics. - ANSWER-The movement of a drug
overtime in the body.
Define pharmacology. - ANSWER-The deliberate therapeutic
applications of chemical substances used to prevent, treat, and
diagnose disease.
Define tolerance - ANSWER-Reduced response to drug
causing more drug to take effect
Describe a method for tapering someone off a BZD -
ANSWER-Taper off 10-25% every 1-2 weeks (long acting
BZDs are easier to taper)
Describe phase 1 in liver metabolism of drugs. - ANSWER-
Converts lipophilic molecules into more polar molecules;
oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis; inactivate and activate;
CYP450 system
Describe phase 2 of liver metabolism of drugs. - ANSWER-
Conjugation, Molecules are inactive
Describe the DDI between SSRIs and narcotics - ANSWER-
CYP2D6 converts narcotics into active form. SSRIs inhibit
CYP2D6, ie less CYP2D6 available to make narcotics active.
results in less effective narcotics
, Describe the dietary restrictions necessary with MAOI use -
ANSWER-Avoid aged-protein foods, soy products, cheese,
overripe fruit, aged sausages, and dried fish
Discuss the substrate and inducer drug intereaction that takes
place in the CYP450 system. - ANSWER-The inducer causes
the body to make more enzyme (i.e. Rifampin causes the body
to make more CYP34A), therefore creating more enzyme to
break down the substrate (More CYP34A to break down
Lipitor). This typically takes longer (2 weeks) to show up.
Discuss the Substrate and Inhibitor drug interaction that occurs
in the CYP450 system. - ANSWER-The substrate binds to an
enzyme (i.e. Lipitor binds to CYP34A) and the inhibitor binds to
that same enzyme (Grapefruit juice blocks CYP34A),
preventing the substrate from being broken down, therefore
increasing the effects and side effects of the substrate (Lipitor)
Efficacy - ANSWER-The ability of a cpd to produce a
therapeutic effect.
Explain the principle of protein binding and protein binding
displacement drug-drug interactions. - ANSWER-Drugs have a
certain affinity to plasma proteins (especially albumin); only
unbound drugs can elicit a reaction, and drugs that have a
higher affinity to bind the protein will "kick" the other drugs off
the protein.
GABAa - ANSWER-ataxia, amnesia, anti-convulsant, bound by
BZDs & BARBs (+ general GABA features)
GABAb - ANSWER-receptor for Baclofen (plus general GABA
features)
How are the 4 dopaminergic pathways implicated in the
pathophysiology schizophrenia? What role do they have in
