NRSG 1340 Exam 1 -Questions with Correct Answers/ Expert Verified

NRSG 1340 Exam 1 -Questions with Correct Answers/ Expert Verified What are three factors contributing to mental illness? - ✔✔Individual - biological makeup - intolerable or unrealistic worries or fearas Interpersonal - ineffective communication - inadequate social support Social/cultural - unwarranted negative view of the world - discrimination What is the DSM -5? - ✔✔Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders Manual published by the APA to establish - defining characteristics or symptoms - identification of the underlying causes of disorders What are the five axis of the DSM -5? - ✔✔Axis I: Is a clinical syndrome, such as a mood, anxiety, or learning disorder present? Axis II: Is a personality disorder or mental retardation present? Axis III: Is a general medical condition such as heart disease, diabetes, or cancer prese nt? Axis IV: Are social or environmental problems such as homelessness, divorce, school problems, or other stressors present? Axis V: What is the global assessment of this person's functioning (ranging from "persistent danger of hurting oneself or others" to "superior functioning in a wide range of activities")? What is the leading cause of disability in the United States? - ✔✔Mental illness What is the "revolving door" concept? - ✔✔Shorter hospital stays leads to decompensation which leads to rehospitalization and a diagnosis of both mental illness and substance abuse Mental illness affects what percentage of the homeless popu lation? - ✔✔33% What are basic -level psychiatric nursing practices? - ✔✔- counseling - milieu therapy - self-care - psychobiologic interventions - health teaching - case management - health promotion and maintenance What are advanced -level psychiatric nu rsing practices? - ✔✔- psychotherapy - prescriptive authority for drugs - consultation and liaison - evaluation - program development and management - clinical supervision True or false: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a published document that outlines specific diagnostic criteria for mental disorders that are based on clinical research and experience. - ✔✔True _______ drugs are those that are used to change brain function and result in alterations in perception, mood, or consciousness. - ✔✔Psychotropic Psychotropic is affecting the mind of mental processes. Antipsychotic is preventing or counteracting psychosis. _______ management involves the use of an individual who coordinates and manages all of the care required by a client. - ✔✔Case management Give four examples of excitatory neurotransmitters. - ✔✔- dopamine: complex movements, motivation, cognition, regula tion of emotional response - norepinephrine: attention, learning, memory, sleep, wakefulness, mood regulation - epinephrine: fight or flight response - glutamate: neurotoxic effects at high levels Gove two examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters. - ✔✔- serotonin: food intake, sleep, wakefulness, temperature regulation, pain control, sexual behaviors, regulation of emotions - GABA: major inhibitory neurotransmitter, modulation of other neurotransmitters Give an example of an excitatory/inhibitory neurotra nsmitter. - ✔✔- acetylcholine: sleep and wakefulness cycle, signals muscles to become alert Give five examples of first generation (conventional) antipsychotics. - ✔✔- chlorpromazine - fluphenazine - thioridazine - haloperidol - loxapine Give three examp les of second generation (atypical) antipsychotics. - ✔✔- clozapine - risperidone - olanzapine Give an example of a third generation antipsychotic. - ✔✔Aripiprazole What is the use and MOA of antipsychotics? - ✔✔Use: treatment of psychosis MOA: blocks d opamine receptors What are side effects of antipsychotics? - ✔✔- acute dystonia - pseudoparkinsonism - akathisia - neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) - tardive dyskinesia - anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy/retention - increased prolactin levels - weight gain - metabolic syndrome - cardiovascular adverse effects - lengthening of QT interval - agranilocytosis What should you do if you miss a dose of antipsychotic medication? - ✔✔Take dose within 4 hours of usual time What is the use of antidepressants? - ✔✔Major depressive illness, anxiety disorders, depressed phase of bipolar disorder, psychotic depression What are the five classes of antidepressants? - ✔✔- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) - tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)