Rosh Review- Endocrine Exam Questions With Verified Answers

Rosh Review- Endocrine Exam Questions With Verified Answers What diabetes drug class is at risk for hypoglycemia? How can this be treated? - answerSulfonylureas! Glimepiride Can also cause weight gain TX: Octreotide What is MOA for Metformin? - answerBiguanide drug class Decreases hepatic glucogenesis Diarrhea is side effect Don't use in renal failure What test can help to determine if a patient is surreptitiously self-administering insulin? - answerC peptide level: Low Insulin level: High is diagnostic for factitious hypoglycemia! What medications are best for lowering triglyercides? What medications are best for lowering LDL? What medications are best for increasing HDL? Goals for all of these? - answerTriglycerides: Best lowered via FIBRATES LDL: Best lowered via STATINS HDL: Best increased via NIACIN (Flushing, Pruritis SE) Exercise also increases HDL Goals: Triglycerides--> <150 LDL--> <70 HDL --> >40 What is the criteria for diagnosing Diabetes I? MOA? Tx? - answerFasting Glucose: >126 on 2 separate occasions Random Glucose: >200 Glucose Challenge 75 mg: >200 2 hours post challenge AlC: >6.5% MOA: Autoimmune Destruction of Pancreatic ß-cells (islets of Langerhans beta-cells) causing decreased insulin + increased glucose Tx: Insulin What is pre diabetes Alc? - answer5.7-6.4% Which of the following is the recommended treatment for a pituitary adenoma >1 cm in size? - answer> 1cm or compressing optic chiasm Pituitary tumors: Surgical transphenoidal (hardy) resection is treatment of choice! Radiation therapy: Used in older adults that cannot have surgery Dopamine Agonists: Used in micro tumors or prolactinomas to reduce size/symptoms What structure is commonly compressed and affects vision in those with a pituitary adenoma? - answerOptic Chiasm! What presents with bitemporal hemianopia?