Foundations Final study
medical asepsis (clean technique) - CORRECT ANSWER-practices designed to reduce the
number and transfer of pathogens
surgical asepsis (sterile technique) - CORRECT ANSWER-practices that render and keep areas
and objects free from microorganisms
Principles of the sterile field - CORRECT ANSWER-only sterile can touch sterile, only sterile
objects can be on the sterile field, sterile object below the waist or out of sight are no longer sterile,
prolonged exposure to air makes it nonsterile (no fanning or reaching across), sterile can't be wet,
1" border of sterile field is considered nonsterile.
Chain of infection - CORRECT ANSWER-causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of
transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
standard precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-hand hygiene, PPE as needed.
Airborne precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-negative pressure room, keep door closed, N95
respirator, give Pt a surgical mask if they leave the room.
what diseases call for airborne precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-measles, varicella, TB
Droplet precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-PPE- ask, other as indicated
What diseases require droplet precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-streptococcal pharyngitis,
pneumonia, rubella, pertussis, meningococcal pneumonia.
contact precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-private room preferred, gloves and gowns, infectious
dressing material in nonporous bag, dedicated equipment for client, and leave room for essential
reasons only.
When are contact precautions used? - CORRECT ANSWER-When visitors are in danger of
catching something spread by direct or indirect contact with body fluids.
PPE donning order - CORRECT ANSWER-gown, mask, goggles, gloves
PPE doffing order - CORRECT ANSWER-gloves, goggles, gown, mask
People at risk for falls - CORRECT ANSWER-elderly, impaired mobility, cognitive and/or sensory
impairment, bowel and bladder dysfunction, medication, and history of falling
fall precaution implementation - CORRECT ANSWER-clutter free room, nonskid footwear, bed in
low position, wheels locked, answer call lights promptly, adequate lighting, chair or bed
sensors/alarm.
What would we implement before restraints - CORRECT ANSWER-least restrictive measures first.
types of restraints - CORRECT ANSWER-physical and chemical
,assessments to consider when a Pt is in restraints - CORRECT ANSWER-remove physical
restraints every 2 hours and assess neurovascular/neurosensory, place to fingers inside restraints,
and tie restraints in s lip knot to a non-moveable part of the bed.
how do you get and keep an order for restraints - CORRECT ANSWER-provider ordered, order
has to be renewed every 24 hours
seizure precautions for pre-seizure - CORRECT ANSWER-assess history, administer medications,
and provide rescue equipment: oxygen, oral airway, and suction equipment.
During seizure protocol - CORRECT ANSWER-position for safety (place something under the
head and turn to side when seizure is over), remain with client, if standing-ease them to the floor,
don't put anything in their mouth, loosen restrictive clothing, and administer medications as
prescribed.
post-seizure precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-protect airway, turn Pt to the side, stay with the
Pt, notify primary care provider, and document.
You see a fire, what's the protocol? - CORRECT ANSWER-(RACE) Rescue, protect, and
evacuate Pt's in immediate danger, Alarm: activate the alarm and report the fire, Contain: close
doors and windows, Extinguish: use correct extinguisher.
How to use a fire extinguisher - CORRECT ANSWER-(PASS) Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
what's the protocol for electrical equipment? - CORRECT ANSWER-should be grounded, no use
of extension cords, inspect equipment for frayed cords.
Proper body mechanics - CORRECT ANSWER-Keep back straight, bend at knees, keep wide
stance, avoid twisting, use lower body, and keep objects close to body.
Semifowlers - CORRECT ANSWER-30 degrees
Fowlers - CORRECT ANSWER-45-60 degrees
high fowlers - CORRECT ANSWER-90 degrees
supine position - CORRECT ANSWER-flat on back arms and legs down
prone - CORRECT ANSWER-lying on stomach with head to the side
lateral side-lying - CORRECT ANSWER-Pt lies on the side
sims (semi prone) - CORRECT ANSWER-lying on side with knee up and to the side
lithotomy position - CORRECT ANSWER-on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups
trendelenburg position - CORRECT ANSWER-lying on back with body tilted so that the head is
lower than the feet
crutches - CORRECT ANSWER-do not put weight in armpits, hold in hands.
, walking upstairs with crutches - CORRECT ANSWER-up with the good leg first, crutches move
with the bad leg
walking downstairs with crutches - CORRECT ANSWER-down with the bad leg an crutches first.
steps in using a cane - CORRECT ANSWER-hold on the unaffected/stronger side, move cane
6-10 inches, then move weaker leg, then stronger leg past cane
steps in using a walker - CORRECT ANSWER-advance walker 12 inches with affected extremity.
Are walkers contraindicated ever? - CORRECT ANSWER-yes, in Pt's with Parkinson's
Things to consider when providing a bed bath - CORRECT ANSWER-for patient's who cannot
bathe themselves, provide articles of bathing on overbed table or bedside stand, remove top
linens and replace with bath blanket, place cosmetics in a convenient place, if a patient has an
erection-ignore it.
bed bath bathing order - CORRECT ANSWER-1. eyes 2. face 3. arms and chest 4. hands and
nails 5. abdomen and legs 6. perineum 7. back and buttocks.
when bathing always move from - CORRECT ANSWER-least contaminated to most
contaminated.
it's possible to multitask during bed baths and assess: - CORRECT ANSWER-ROM, skin integrity,
and any wounds.
denture care - CORRECT ANSWER-keep covered in water when they're not worn, brush like teeth
then store in an enclosed labeled cup placed on Pt's bedside stand.
Considerations when performing perineal care - CORRECT ANSWER-If the patient can do it
themselves, let them. Perform care in a matter-of-fact dignified way, cleanse with plain soap and
water.
Steps in perineal care for men - CORRECT ANSWER-start at the tip of the penis and move down,
if Pt is uncircumcised you need to peel back the foreskin to clean and put it back. If Pt has an
erection, don't draw attention to it, just keep bathing.
steps in perineal care for women - CORRECT ANSWER-wipe from pubic area to rectum (front to
back/least contaminated to most contaminated), spread labia apart and use soap and warm water.
If family wants to participate in the Pt's bathing what do you do. - CORRECT ANSWER-That's
great, let them, just assess the patient when they're done.
making an occupied bed sheet order - CORRECT ANSWER-stuff the old sheet under the patient
after they've rolled, place the clean sheet on then the chuck and then the pad
how to dispose of dirty linens - CORRECT ANSWER-roll away from body and hold away from
uniform
leaving the room safety check - CORRECT ANSWER-bed in lowest position, bed position safe for
Pt, bed controls functioning, call light within reach, side rails raised, and wheels or casters locked.
medical asepsis (clean technique) - CORRECT ANSWER-practices designed to reduce the
number and transfer of pathogens
surgical asepsis (sterile technique) - CORRECT ANSWER-practices that render and keep areas
and objects free from microorganisms
Principles of the sterile field - CORRECT ANSWER-only sterile can touch sterile, only sterile
objects can be on the sterile field, sterile object below the waist or out of sight are no longer sterile,
prolonged exposure to air makes it nonsterile (no fanning or reaching across), sterile can't be wet,
1" border of sterile field is considered nonsterile.
Chain of infection - CORRECT ANSWER-causative agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of
transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
standard precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-hand hygiene, PPE as needed.
Airborne precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-negative pressure room, keep door closed, N95
respirator, give Pt a surgical mask if they leave the room.
what diseases call for airborne precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-measles, varicella, TB
Droplet precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-PPE- ask, other as indicated
What diseases require droplet precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-streptococcal pharyngitis,
pneumonia, rubella, pertussis, meningococcal pneumonia.
contact precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-private room preferred, gloves and gowns, infectious
dressing material in nonporous bag, dedicated equipment for client, and leave room for essential
reasons only.
When are contact precautions used? - CORRECT ANSWER-When visitors are in danger of
catching something spread by direct or indirect contact with body fluids.
PPE donning order - CORRECT ANSWER-gown, mask, goggles, gloves
PPE doffing order - CORRECT ANSWER-gloves, goggles, gown, mask
People at risk for falls - CORRECT ANSWER-elderly, impaired mobility, cognitive and/or sensory
impairment, bowel and bladder dysfunction, medication, and history of falling
fall precaution implementation - CORRECT ANSWER-clutter free room, nonskid footwear, bed in
low position, wheels locked, answer call lights promptly, adequate lighting, chair or bed
sensors/alarm.
What would we implement before restraints - CORRECT ANSWER-least restrictive measures first.
types of restraints - CORRECT ANSWER-physical and chemical
,assessments to consider when a Pt is in restraints - CORRECT ANSWER-remove physical
restraints every 2 hours and assess neurovascular/neurosensory, place to fingers inside restraints,
and tie restraints in s lip knot to a non-moveable part of the bed.
how do you get and keep an order for restraints - CORRECT ANSWER-provider ordered, order
has to be renewed every 24 hours
seizure precautions for pre-seizure - CORRECT ANSWER-assess history, administer medications,
and provide rescue equipment: oxygen, oral airway, and suction equipment.
During seizure protocol - CORRECT ANSWER-position for safety (place something under the
head and turn to side when seizure is over), remain with client, if standing-ease them to the floor,
don't put anything in their mouth, loosen restrictive clothing, and administer medications as
prescribed.
post-seizure precautions - CORRECT ANSWER-protect airway, turn Pt to the side, stay with the
Pt, notify primary care provider, and document.
You see a fire, what's the protocol? - CORRECT ANSWER-(RACE) Rescue, protect, and
evacuate Pt's in immediate danger, Alarm: activate the alarm and report the fire, Contain: close
doors and windows, Extinguish: use correct extinguisher.
How to use a fire extinguisher - CORRECT ANSWER-(PASS) Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
what's the protocol for electrical equipment? - CORRECT ANSWER-should be grounded, no use
of extension cords, inspect equipment for frayed cords.
Proper body mechanics - CORRECT ANSWER-Keep back straight, bend at knees, keep wide
stance, avoid twisting, use lower body, and keep objects close to body.
Semifowlers - CORRECT ANSWER-30 degrees
Fowlers - CORRECT ANSWER-45-60 degrees
high fowlers - CORRECT ANSWER-90 degrees
supine position - CORRECT ANSWER-flat on back arms and legs down
prone - CORRECT ANSWER-lying on stomach with head to the side
lateral side-lying - CORRECT ANSWER-Pt lies on the side
sims (semi prone) - CORRECT ANSWER-lying on side with knee up and to the side
lithotomy position - CORRECT ANSWER-on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups
trendelenburg position - CORRECT ANSWER-lying on back with body tilted so that the head is
lower than the feet
crutches - CORRECT ANSWER-do not put weight in armpits, hold in hands.
, walking upstairs with crutches - CORRECT ANSWER-up with the good leg first, crutches move
with the bad leg
walking downstairs with crutches - CORRECT ANSWER-down with the bad leg an crutches first.
steps in using a cane - CORRECT ANSWER-hold on the unaffected/stronger side, move cane
6-10 inches, then move weaker leg, then stronger leg past cane
steps in using a walker - CORRECT ANSWER-advance walker 12 inches with affected extremity.
Are walkers contraindicated ever? - CORRECT ANSWER-yes, in Pt's with Parkinson's
Things to consider when providing a bed bath - CORRECT ANSWER-for patient's who cannot
bathe themselves, provide articles of bathing on overbed table or bedside stand, remove top
linens and replace with bath blanket, place cosmetics in a convenient place, if a patient has an
erection-ignore it.
bed bath bathing order - CORRECT ANSWER-1. eyes 2. face 3. arms and chest 4. hands and
nails 5. abdomen and legs 6. perineum 7. back and buttocks.
when bathing always move from - CORRECT ANSWER-least contaminated to most
contaminated.
it's possible to multitask during bed baths and assess: - CORRECT ANSWER-ROM, skin integrity,
and any wounds.
denture care - CORRECT ANSWER-keep covered in water when they're not worn, brush like teeth
then store in an enclosed labeled cup placed on Pt's bedside stand.
Considerations when performing perineal care - CORRECT ANSWER-If the patient can do it
themselves, let them. Perform care in a matter-of-fact dignified way, cleanse with plain soap and
water.
Steps in perineal care for men - CORRECT ANSWER-start at the tip of the penis and move down,
if Pt is uncircumcised you need to peel back the foreskin to clean and put it back. If Pt has an
erection, don't draw attention to it, just keep bathing.
steps in perineal care for women - CORRECT ANSWER-wipe from pubic area to rectum (front to
back/least contaminated to most contaminated), spread labia apart and use soap and warm water.
If family wants to participate in the Pt's bathing what do you do. - CORRECT ANSWER-That's
great, let them, just assess the patient when they're done.
making an occupied bed sheet order - CORRECT ANSWER-stuff the old sheet under the patient
after they've rolled, place the clean sheet on then the chuck and then the pad
how to dispose of dirty linens - CORRECT ANSWER-roll away from body and hold away from
uniform
leaving the room safety check - CORRECT ANSWER-bed in lowest position, bed position safe for
Pt, bed controls functioning, call light within reach, side rails raised, and wheels or casters locked.
