reading, langauge and literacy

reading, langauge and literacy What is language? - - A system - Rule-based - Creative tool - Code - Social tool ( because we use language to communicate) How is a language learnt? - - How is a language learnt? - [Hearing, socially, speaking it, writing] - Through exposure (have to be exposed to a language) - Starts at 18 weeks in the womb (you start hearing) - There are different theories in learning a language. Phases of language development: - - Crying (0-2 months) - Cooing (3-5 months): infant can discriminate between all 200 human phonemes - Babbling (6-8 months): Child focuses in on phonemes common to the language that is heard around him/her - 1 word stage: emergence of 1st word - 2 word stage: at age 2, infant knows approximately 300 words - Pre-school stage Types of literacy: - Functional: - Read and write in at least 1 language - Can function in society with reading and writing [with the language that you choose] - Use literacy for a specific function Non-Functional: - Speak, listen and understand a language - [but you can't write it] → [Eg: can speak German but can't write it] Conceptualisations of literacy (NB FOR TEST) - Literacy is a cognitive skillLiteracy is a simple learned cognitive skill - Individual learns to master the skills of reading and writing - Mastery leads to successful application of skills in practice Literacy means intellectual transformation - Literacy leads to empowerment of the person or the society - Consider literacy within the wider context of local or district development, social and financial needs, inequalities in education, etc - Literacy leads to transformation of the world in which we live and work Literacy is a statement of competence - Computer literacy indicates the person's competence to use a computer - Workplace literacy refers to the competence of workers to handle workplace tasks and conversations Reading themes: - - Comprehension: (K-3= Learning by listening an asking questions and K-6= listening through reading) - Phonemic awareness: Spoken words have sounds (K-1) - Phonics: Letters represent sounds (K-2= Letter sounds and combinations and 1-6= Multisyllables) - Vocabulary: (K-3=learning by listening, pictures and experiences and 1-6= learning through reading) - Fluency: (1-6) Reading process: - 0: Birth to Gr1 - Emergent literacy : gain control of spoken language 1: Start of Gr 1 - Decoding: learn and develop awareness of sound 2: Gr 1 and Gr3 - Fluency and accuracy: 3: Gr 4 - Gr7/8 - Using reading 4: High school - Develop options : Analyse reading