chapter 2: the human body in health and disease

chapter
2:
the
human
body
in
health
and
disease
anatomic
reference
systems
-
ANSused
to
describe
the
locations
of
the
structural
units
of
the
body
anatomy
-
ANSstudy
of
the
structures
of
the
body
physiology
-
ANSstudy
of
the
functions
of
the
structures
of
the
body
anatomic
position
-
ANSdescribes
the
body
assuming
that
the
individual
is
standing
in
the
standard
position
body
planes
-
ANSimaginary
vertical
and
horizontal
lines
used
to
divide
the
body
into
sections
for
descriptive
purposes
vertical
plane
-
ANSup-and-down
plane
that
is
a
right
angle
to
the
horizon
midsagittal
plane
-
ANSsagittal
plane
that
divides
the
body
into
equal
right
and
left
halves
sagittal
plane
-
ANSvertical
plane
tat
divides
the
body
into
unequal
left
and
right
portions
frontal
plane
-
ANSvertical
plane
that
divides
the
body
into
anterior
and
posterior
portions
horizontal
plane
-
ANSflat
crosswise
plane,
such
as
the
horizon
transverse
plane
-
ANShorizontal
plane
that
divides
the
body
into
superior
and
inferior
portions
ventral
-
ANSfront,
or
belly
side,
of
the
organ
or
body
dorsal
-
ANSback
of
the
organ
or
body
anterior
-
ANSsituated
in
the
front
posterior
-
ANSsituated
in
the
back
superior
-
ANSuppermost,
above,
or
toward
the
head
inferior
-
ANSlowermost,
below,
or
toward
the
feet
cephalic
-
ANStoward
the
head
caudal
-
ANStoward
the
lower
part
of
the
body proximal
-
ANSsituated
nearest
the
midline
or
beginning
of
a
body
structure
distal
-
ANSsituated
farthest
from
the
midline
or
beginning
of
a
body
structure
medial
-
ANSdirection
toward,
or
nearer,
the
midline
lateral
-
ANSdirection
toward
or
nearer
the
side
and
away
from
the
midline
cranial
cavity
-
ANSlocated
within
the
skull,
surrounds
and
protects
the
brain
body
cavities
-
ANSspaces
within
the
body
that
contain
and
protect
internal
organs
dorsal
cavity
-
ANScontains
organs
of
the
nervous
system
that
coordinate
body
functions
spinal
cavity
-
ANSlocated
within
the
spinal
column,
surrounds
and
protects
the
spinal
cord
ventral
cavity
-
ANSlocated
along
the
front
of
the
body,
contains
the
body
organs
that
maintain
homeostasis
homeostasis
-
ANSprocess
through
which
the
body
maintains
a
constant
internal
environment
home/o
-
ANSconstant
thoracic
cavity
-
ANSsurrounds
and
protects
the
heart
and
lungs
abdominal
cavity
-
ANScontains
the
major
organs
of
digestion
pelvic
cavity
-
ANSspace
formed
by
the
hips
bones
and
primarily
contains
the
organ
os
the
reproductive
and
excretory
systems
abdominopelvic
cavity
-
ANSrefers
to
the
abdominal
and
pelvic
cavities
inguinal
-
ANSrelating
to
the
groin
hypochondriac
regions
-
ANSlocated
on
the
left
and
right
sides
of
the
body,
covered
by
the
lower
ribs
epigastric
region
-
ANSlocated
above
the
stomach
lumbar
regions
-
ANSlocated
on
the
left
and
right
sides
near
the
inward
curve
of
the
spine
umbilical
region
-
ANSsurrounds
the
umbilicus
umbilicus
-
ANSbelly
button/navel
iliac
region
-
ANSlocated
on
the
left
and
right
sides
over
the
hip
bone