NSG530 | NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 3| Answered and Graded A+ | Latest
Pyelonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ANSWER Interstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to multiple bouts of acute pyelonephritis
Can be associated with chronic UTI's, vesicoureteral reflux, or kidney stones
Cystitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the bladder
Common pathogens are E. Coli and staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Symptoms of cystitis - ANSWER Frequency, urgency, dysuria, lower back pain
Renal cell carcinoma - ANSWER cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
Renal adenoma - ANSWER small, slow-growing glandular noncancerous tumor of
the kidney
Renal transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWER rare and primarily arises in the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis.
Transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWER a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis. Generally occurs in
older men. Gross painless hematuria
Gomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Primary glomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that occurs independently of other chronic conditions; usually the result of an
acute infectious process
secondary glomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that results from other chronic conditions, such as lupus erythematosus or diabetes.
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER Hematuria with red blood cell casts, proteinuria with albumin, oliguria, HTN, edema, nephrotic sediment
Types of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER - membranous nephropathy/ glomerulonephritis
- rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis -Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (goodpasture syndrome)
- chronic glomerulonephritis
-diabetic neuropathy Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
Causes of nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER Membranous glomerulonephritis Minimal change nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -systemic disease such as diabetes or lupus
Hypospadias - ANSWER congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
Epispadias - ANSWER Opening of the urethra on the superior surface of the penis
Chordee - ANSWER a downward curvature of the penis, often associated with hypospadias
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) - ANSWER A rapidly developing malignancy of the kidneys, usually affecting children before age 5. Normally found by parents due to swelling.
PCOS diagnosis - ANSWER Have to have two of the following: -Irregular ovulation -Elevated levels of androgen -Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) - ANSWER An endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation, most common in young women (teens to twenties). High LH/FSH ratio in blood; A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries
with small cysts on the outer edges.
Chlamydia - ANSWER A bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females. Can cause permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system. Can also cause ectopic pregnancy.
Symptoms of Chlamydia - ANSWER urethritis; penile and vaginal discharges; abdominal, rectal, or testicular pain; painful intercourse; irregular menses
Syphilis - ANSWER an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete. 3 phases
Primary stage of syphilis - ANSWER the first few weeks of a syphilis infection during which the chancre is present and can be present on the mouth, penis, vagina,
anus
secondary stage of syphilis - ANSWER Skin rashes and/or sores in the mouth, vagina, or anus. A rash that appears on the soles of the feet or palms. Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, fatigue
Pyelonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Chronic Pyelonephritis - ANSWER Interstitial fibrosis and atrophy of tubules due to multiple bouts of acute pyelonephritis
Can be associated with chronic UTI's, vesicoureteral reflux, or kidney stones
Cystitis - ANSWER Inflammation of the bladder
Common pathogens are E. Coli and staphylococcus saphrophyticus
Symptoms of cystitis - ANSWER Frequency, urgency, dysuria, lower back pain
Renal cell carcinoma - ANSWER cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
Renal adenoma - ANSWER small, slow-growing glandular noncancerous tumor of
the kidney
Renal transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWER rare and primarily arises in the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis.
Transitional cell carcinoma - ANSWER a malignant tumor of the urinary tract that is often found within the urinary bladder or within the renal pelvis. Generally occurs in
older men. Gross painless hematuria
Gomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney
Primary glomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that occurs independently of other chronic conditions; usually the result of an
acute infectious process
secondary glomerulonephritis - ANSWER inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys that results from other chronic conditions, such as lupus erythematosus or diabetes.
Symptoms of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER Hematuria with red blood cell casts, proteinuria with albumin, oliguria, HTN, edema, nephrotic sediment
Types of glomerulonephritis - ANSWER - membranous nephropathy/ glomerulonephritis
- rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis -Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (goodpasture syndrome)
- chronic glomerulonephritis
-diabetic neuropathy Nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
Causes of nephrotic syndrome - ANSWER Membranous glomerulonephritis Minimal change nephropathy
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -systemic disease such as diabetes or lupus
Hypospadias - ANSWER congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip
Epispadias - ANSWER Opening of the urethra on the superior surface of the penis
Chordee - ANSWER a downward curvature of the penis, often associated with hypospadias
Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) - ANSWER A rapidly developing malignancy of the kidneys, usually affecting children before age 5. Normally found by parents due to swelling.
PCOS diagnosis - ANSWER Have to have two of the following: -Irregular ovulation -Elevated levels of androgen -Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) - ANSWER An endocrine disorder associated with chronic anovulation, most common in young women (teens to twenties). High LH/FSH ratio in blood; A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries
with small cysts on the outer edges.
Chlamydia - ANSWER A bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females. Can cause permanent damage to a woman's reproductive system. Can also cause ectopic pregnancy.
Symptoms of Chlamydia - ANSWER urethritis; penile and vaginal discharges; abdominal, rectal, or testicular pain; painful intercourse; irregular menses
Syphilis - ANSWER an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete. 3 phases
Primary stage of syphilis - ANSWER the first few weeks of a syphilis infection during which the chancre is present and can be present on the mouth, penis, vagina,
anus
secondary stage of syphilis - ANSWER Skin rashes and/or sores in the mouth, vagina, or anus. A rash that appears on the soles of the feet or palms. Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, patchy hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, fatigue
