Introduction to Sociology Exam Newest 2024 With Complete Solutions

Introduction to Sociology Exam Newest 2024 With Complete Solutions Sociology the study of human behavior in society JANE ADDAMS () As founder of Hull House, her books and articles were widely used by the "Chicago School" to establish Urban Sociology. She received the Nobel Prize in 1931. AUGUSTE COMTE ()The founder of Sociology in the West that coined the term "Sociology." He felt the scientific method should be applied to the study of society (POSITIVISM) and that society was made up of forces of stability (SOCIAL STATICS) and forces of change (SOCIAL DYNAMICS). CHARLES HORTON COOLEY () As co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he argued that the Self is formed through a lifelong process of interpretation of other's reactions to our self-concept (LOOKING-GLASS SELF). EMILE DURKHEIM () In his research on suicide, he argued that society is held together by SOCIAL INTEGRATION. Those with weak social ties experience ANOMIE, or normlessness. HARRIET MARTINEAU () The Founder of Modern Sociology, she published "Theory and Practice of Society in America," in 1837. She is most often remembered for her translations of Comte from French into English. KARL MARX () His works are the basis for CONFLICT THEORY. He argued that CLASS CONFLICT between the Bourgeoisie (Owners) and the Proletariat (Workers) is the source of all social change, and that the ideology of society (its belief system and thought) is the product of the age and place of its occurrence. GEORGE HERBERT MEAD () As a co-founder of Symbolic Interaction, he saw ROLETAKING as crucial to the development of Self in children. In a similar approach to FREUD, he defined the "I" and "ME" as unsocialized and socialized parts of the Self. MAX WEBER () In "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," he argued that religion gave rise to Capitalism, not class conflict, as argued by Marx. He believed that the process of gathering data must be value-free and as scientific as possible. Replication of research is important. W.E.B. DU BOIS () As the first African-American to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard, he founded the Department of Sociology at Atlanta University, and was a founding member of the NAACP. From 1896 to 1914, he published a yearly book on race relations IBN KHALDUN () Wrote "The Science of Civilization" that predated Comte and Sociology by 500 Years. His ideas predated Durkheim on Social Cohesion by 550 years and Mills' insight into Sociology as the intersection of the individual, society, and history by 600 years. Macrosociology Large-scale Sociology Functionalism Conflict Theory Focus on the SOCIAL STRUCTURE Patterned relationships that persist over time Micro-Sociology Small-scale Sociology Symbolic Interaction Focus on the SOCIAL INTERACTION The process by which people act toward or respond to other people The foundation for all relationships and groups in society WILLIAM ISAAC THOMAS () and DOROTHY SWAINE THOMAS () As cofounders of Symbolic Interaction, they argued that behavior is the result of the specific way welook at life based on the views we learn from the groups to which we belong. Behavior is the result of our subjective reality, not of reality that exists objectively. FUNCTIONALISM Organic analogy Relationship of parts to whole Functions (Positive effects in society) Manifest Functions (Intended functions) Latent Functions (Unintended functions) Dysfunctions (Negative effects in society) Focus on Stability and survival of society CONFLICT THEORY A focus on group conflict Conflict drives social change Debunking of ideologies Society as a battlefield SYMBOLIC INTERACTION A focus on the meaning of how people made sense of the world in an active process of creating meaning through social interaction Definition of the situation: The subjective way we define the reality of a situation contained in the norms and values we learn in society