Chamberlain NR 325 Exam 2, NR 325 Exam #2 Questions With Verified Answers.

Chamberlain NR 325 Exam 2, NR 325 Exam #2 Questions With Verified Answers. Which sided stroke has impaired speech/language aphasia; impaired right/left discrimination; slow performance/cautious,; depression/anxiety; impaired comprehension. - answerLeft- Sided Which sided stroke has spatial perception deficits; denying/minimizing; rapid performance/short attention; impulsiveness; impaired judgment; impaired time. - answerRight-sided _____ are the confirming diagnostic studies for stroke. - answerCT; CT angiogram; CT/MRI perfusion and diffusion imaging; MRI; Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) _____ are the confirming laboratory studies for stroke. - answerProthrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time; CBC (including platelets); Electrolyte panel with blood glucose; Lipid profile; Renal and hepatic studies Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used to produce localized fibrinolysis by binding to the fibrin in the thrombi, and is the immediate treatment for _____ _____. - answerIschemic stroke Aspirin at a dose of 325 mg may be started within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of an _____ stroke. - answerischemic Anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors are contraindicated in patients with _____ strokes. - answerhemorrhagic The main drug therapy for patients with _____ stroke is the management of hypertension. - answerhemorrhagic The _____ _____ of a spinal cord injury (SCI) is initial physical disruption of the spinal cord. - answerprimary injury The _____ _____ of a spinal cord injury is from processes, such as ischemia, hypoxia, hemorrhage, edema - answersecondary injury _____ _____ may occur shortly after acute SCI. It is characterized by loss of deep tendon and sphincter reflexes, loss of sensation, and flaccid paralysis below the level of injury. - answerSpinal shock _____ _____ involvement results in total loss of sensory and motor function below the level of injury. - answerComplete cord _____ _____ involvement results in a mixed loss of voluntary motor activity and sensation and leaves some tracts intact. - answerIncomplete cord SCI at C1-C3 - answerOften fatal; Movement in neck and above, loss of innervation to diaphragm, absence of independent respiratory function SCI at C4 - answerSensation and movement in neck and above; May be able to breathe without ventilator SCI at C5 - answerFull neck, partial shoulder, back, biceps; Gross elbow, inability to roll over or use hands; ↓ Respiratory reserve SCI at C6 - answerShoulder and upper back abduction and rotation at shoulder; Full biceps to elbow flexion, wrist extension, weak grasp of thumb; ↓ Respiratory reserve SCI at C7-C8 - answerAll triceps to elbow extension, finger extensors and flexors; Good grasp with some decreased strength; ↓ Respiratory reserve SCI at T1-T6 - answerFull innervation of upper extremities; Back, essential intrinsic muscles of hand; Full strength and dexterity of grasp; ↓ Trunk stability, decreased respiratory reserve SCI at T6-T12 - answerFull, stable thoracic muscles and upper back; Functional intercostal muscles, resulting in ↑ respiratory reserve SCI at L1-L2 - answerVarying control of legs and pelvis; Instability of lower back SCI at L3-L4 - answerQuadriceps and hip flexors; Absence of hamstring function, flail ankles CT scan is the preferred imaging study to diagnose the location and degree of injury and the degree of _____ _____ _____. - answerspinal canal compromise _____ is used to assess soft tissue injury, neurologic changes, unexplained neurologic deficits, or worsening neurologic condition in SCI. - answerMRI Goals immediately after _____ include maintaining a patent airway, adequate ventilation/breathing, and adequate circulating blood volume (ABCs) and preventing extension of spinal cord damage (secondary injury). - answerSCI _____ allows the patient to move and ambulate while cervical bones fuse - answerHalo fixation device One of the physically demonstrable symptoms of meningitis is _____ _____. Severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed. - answerBrudzinski's sign Positive _____ sign is involuntary flexing of hips and knees (an involuntary reaction to lessen the stretch on the inflamed meninges) - answerBrudzinski's sign _____ _____ is a neuropsychiatric manifestation of liver disease. The pathogenesis is multifactorial. It includes the neurotoxic effects of ammonia, abnormal neurotransmission, astrocyte swelling, and inflammatory cytokines. - answerHepatic encephalopathy A characteristic manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy is _____, or flapping tremors, with the most common involving the arms and hands. - answerasterixis If the common bile duct is obstructed due to _____, no bilirubin will reach the small intestine to be converted to urobilinogen. Thus the kidneys will excrete bilirubin, causing dark amber to brown urine. - answercholelithiasis Complications of _____ and cholecystitis include gangrenous cholecystitis, subphrenic abscess, pancreatitis, cholangitis (inflammation of biliary ducts), biliary cirrhosis, fistulas, and rupture of the gallbladder, which can cause bile peritonitis. - answercholelithiasis Manifestations of _____ vary from indigestion to moderate to severe pain, fever, chills, and jaundice. - answercholecystitis When a stone is lodged in the ducts or when stones are moving through the ducts, spasms may result in response to the stone. This sometimes causes severe pain, which is termed _____ _____. - answerbiliary colic _____ results in the replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis (scar tissue) and regenerative nodules that occur from the liver's attempt to repair itself - answercirrhosis Hepatic encephalopathy caused by cirrhosis is treated with _____, to prevent breakdown of blood and the release of ammonia in the intestine. - answerlactulose Increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, ALT, and AST are the notable labs present with _____. - answercholecystitis After an _____ _____, tell the patient to avoid heavy lifting for 4 to 6 weeks. Usual sexual activities, including intercourse, can be resumed as soon as the patient feels ready, unless otherwise instructed by the HCP. - answerincisional cholecystectomy 1. Remove the bandages on the puncture sites the day after surgery and you can shower. 2. Notify your HCP if any of the following signs and symptoms occurs: • Redness, swelling, bile-colored drainage or pus from any incision • Severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, chills 3. You can gradually resume normal activities. 4. Return to work within 1 wk of surgery.