Bio 211 Trident Final Exam Questions
and Correct Answers
Pathway of blood as it flows through spleen ✅Splenic artery
Central artery
Sinusoids
Venules
Splenic vein
desmosomes vs. gap junctions ✅Desmosomes mechanically join cells
Gap junctions electrically join cells
Bicarbonate formula ✅CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3-
End Systolic Volume (ESV) ✅Amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end
of systole (contraction). ESV= EDV-SV
Spread of Action Potential in Heart ✅SA Node
AV Node
AV Bundle
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
initiates heartbeat (pacemaker) ✅SA Node
Amount of blood ejected by ventricle ✅Stroke Volume
AV Valves pushed closed/ Semilunar valves pushed open ✅Ventricular contraction
Semilunar Valves closed/ AV valves opened ✅Ventricular Relaxation
2 types of Semilunar Valves ✅Pulmonary- between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aortic- Between left ventricle and aorta
What are the effects of Sympathetic innervation? ✅An increase in heart rate and force
of contraction
Where does Sympathetic innervation start? ✅Medulla's cardio acceleratory center
Sympathetic Innervation is relayed via? ✅Neurons through T1-T5 segment
, What is the end result of Sympathetic Innervation ✅Increased coronary vessel dilation
What is the effect of Parasympathetic Innervation? ✅Decreased heart rate
Where does Parasympathetic Innervation start? ✅Medulla's cardio inhibitory center
Parasympathetic Innervation is relayed via? ✅Vagus nerve
Right Vagus innervates which node during Parasympathetic innervation? ✅SA Node
Left Vagus innervates which node during Parasympathetic innervation? ✅AV Node
Diagnostic tool associated with the atria contracting ✅P-Q Segment
Diagnostic tool associated with ventricles contracting ✅S-T Segment
Electrical changes associated with ventricular depolarization ✅QRS Complex
Electrical changes associated with ventricular repolarization ✅T-wave
What do the semilunar valves do? ✅prevent backflow into the ventricles
What do the atrioventricular valves do? ✅prevent backflow into atria when ventricles
contract
When do the semilunar valves open and close? ✅Open when ventricles contract and
blood goes into the artery.
Close when ventricles relax and arterial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure.
When do atrioventricular valves open and close? ✅Open when cusps extend into
ventricles.
Close when ventricles contract
What is the physical different between the right and left atrioventricular valves?
✅Right- Tricuspid (3 flaps)
Left- Bicuspid/ mitral
Irregular muscular ridges inside ventricle wall ✅trabeculae carneae
Oval depression on interatrial septum that occupies location of the fetal foramen ovale
✅Fossa ovalis
Ridges on anterior wall and within auricle of the atria ✅Pectinate muscles
and Correct Answers
Pathway of blood as it flows through spleen ✅Splenic artery
Central artery
Sinusoids
Venules
Splenic vein
desmosomes vs. gap junctions ✅Desmosomes mechanically join cells
Gap junctions electrically join cells
Bicarbonate formula ✅CO2 + H2O <-> H2CO3 <-> H+ + HCO3-
End Systolic Volume (ESV) ✅Amount of blood remaining in each ventricle at the end
of systole (contraction). ESV= EDV-SV
Spread of Action Potential in Heart ✅SA Node
AV Node
AV Bundle
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
initiates heartbeat (pacemaker) ✅SA Node
Amount of blood ejected by ventricle ✅Stroke Volume
AV Valves pushed closed/ Semilunar valves pushed open ✅Ventricular contraction
Semilunar Valves closed/ AV valves opened ✅Ventricular Relaxation
2 types of Semilunar Valves ✅Pulmonary- between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
Aortic- Between left ventricle and aorta
What are the effects of Sympathetic innervation? ✅An increase in heart rate and force
of contraction
Where does Sympathetic innervation start? ✅Medulla's cardio acceleratory center
Sympathetic Innervation is relayed via? ✅Neurons through T1-T5 segment
, What is the end result of Sympathetic Innervation ✅Increased coronary vessel dilation
What is the effect of Parasympathetic Innervation? ✅Decreased heart rate
Where does Parasympathetic Innervation start? ✅Medulla's cardio inhibitory center
Parasympathetic Innervation is relayed via? ✅Vagus nerve
Right Vagus innervates which node during Parasympathetic innervation? ✅SA Node
Left Vagus innervates which node during Parasympathetic innervation? ✅AV Node
Diagnostic tool associated with the atria contracting ✅P-Q Segment
Diagnostic tool associated with ventricles contracting ✅S-T Segment
Electrical changes associated with ventricular depolarization ✅QRS Complex
Electrical changes associated with ventricular repolarization ✅T-wave
What do the semilunar valves do? ✅prevent backflow into the ventricles
What do the atrioventricular valves do? ✅prevent backflow into atria when ventricles
contract
When do the semilunar valves open and close? ✅Open when ventricles contract and
blood goes into the artery.
Close when ventricles relax and arterial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure.
When do atrioventricular valves open and close? ✅Open when cusps extend into
ventricles.
Close when ventricles contract
What is the physical different between the right and left atrioventricular valves?
✅Right- Tricuspid (3 flaps)
Left- Bicuspid/ mitral
Irregular muscular ridges inside ventricle wall ✅trabeculae carneae
Oval depression on interatrial septum that occupies location of the fetal foramen ovale
✅Fossa ovalis
Ridges on anterior wall and within auricle of the atria ✅Pectinate muscles
