final exam study
microorganisms prokaryote - ANSWER-bacteria and archaea
microorganisms eukaryotes - ANSWER-microscopic forms of fungi, algae and
protists
features of prokaryotic cells - ANSWER--Capsule and fimbrae help stick to substrate
or to other cells
(Protects cell from immune systems)
-Inside capsule is the cells wall, and underneath that the plasma membrane
-Ribosomes and plasmids found in cytoplasm
-Large circular DNA (nucleoid) is present
-Flagellum
prokaryote cell structures - ANSWER--procaryotes have cell walls
-cell shape, protecting prevents cell bursting
-bacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan
-archaea walls contain polysaccharides an proteins lack peptidoglycan
-antibiotics target peptidoglycan and damage cell wall
procaryotes (came first) - ANSWER--thrive almost everywhere and under extreme
conditions
features of bacteria and archaea - ANSWER--plasma membrane
-naked DNA (single chromosome arranged in a circle)
-ribosomes (different than those found in eukaryotes)
-divided by binary fission
-lack of membrane bound organelles
archaea - ANSWER--share certain traits with bacteria
-transcription/ translation
-extreme halophiles live in highly saline environments
-extreme thermophiles thrive in very hot environments
body structure of multicellular fungus - ANSWER--mycelia
-networks of branched hyphae
-maximizes surface area for absorption
-fungal cell walls contain chitin
bosy structure (fungi) - ANSWER--most fungi have hyphae divided into cells by
septa, with pores that facilitate cell to cell movement of organelles
-coenocytic fungi lack septa and have continuous cytoplasmic mass with many
nuclei
, asexual reproduction (fungi) - ANSWER--moulds produce haploid spores by mitosis
and form visible mycelia
-moulds and yeast have no known sexual stage
ascomycetes - ANSWER--diverse group of fungi
-live in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats
-produce sexual spores in structures called asci contained in fruiting bodies called
ascocarps
-they can also reproduce asexually
basidiomycetes - ANSWER--includes mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi,
mycrorrhizae and plant parasites
-have club like structures called basidium
-many are wood decomposers
nutrient cycle, ecological interaction and human welfare (fungi) - ANSWER--fungi
are efficient decomposers of organic material including cellulose and lignin
-they perform essential recycling of chemical elements between the living and the
nonliving
-some mushrooms are edible and have medicinal properties
protists are a diverse group of eukaryotes - ANSWER--protists are eukaryotes and
are very diverse (structurally and functionally)
-eukaryotic cells have organelles and are more complex than prokaryotic cells
excavata (protists) - ANSWER--some members of this supergroup have an
excavated feeding groove on one side of the cell body
-the euglenozoans have flagella that differ in structure from those of other organisms
-the euglenozoans vary from predators and parasites
euglenids - ANSWER--some of these organisms are photosynthetic when light is
available, or heterotrophic feeding when there is no access to light. (mix trophy)
-unicellular freshwater organism
-no cell wall
-membrane bound nucleus
-contractile vacuole
SAR clade (protists) - ANSWER--highly diverse group of protists defined by DNA
similarities
-stramenopiles, alveolate, rhizarians
stramenopiles (diatoms) - ANSWER--diatoms are unicellular algae with unique two
part, glass like wall of silicon dioxide
microorganisms prokaryote - ANSWER-bacteria and archaea
microorganisms eukaryotes - ANSWER-microscopic forms of fungi, algae and
protists
features of prokaryotic cells - ANSWER--Capsule and fimbrae help stick to substrate
or to other cells
(Protects cell from immune systems)
-Inside capsule is the cells wall, and underneath that the plasma membrane
-Ribosomes and plasmids found in cytoplasm
-Large circular DNA (nucleoid) is present
-Flagellum
prokaryote cell structures - ANSWER--procaryotes have cell walls
-cell shape, protecting prevents cell bursting
-bacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan
-archaea walls contain polysaccharides an proteins lack peptidoglycan
-antibiotics target peptidoglycan and damage cell wall
procaryotes (came first) - ANSWER--thrive almost everywhere and under extreme
conditions
features of bacteria and archaea - ANSWER--plasma membrane
-naked DNA (single chromosome arranged in a circle)
-ribosomes (different than those found in eukaryotes)
-divided by binary fission
-lack of membrane bound organelles
archaea - ANSWER--share certain traits with bacteria
-transcription/ translation
-extreme halophiles live in highly saline environments
-extreme thermophiles thrive in very hot environments
body structure of multicellular fungus - ANSWER--mycelia
-networks of branched hyphae
-maximizes surface area for absorption
-fungal cell walls contain chitin
bosy structure (fungi) - ANSWER--most fungi have hyphae divided into cells by
septa, with pores that facilitate cell to cell movement of organelles
-coenocytic fungi lack septa and have continuous cytoplasmic mass with many
nuclei
, asexual reproduction (fungi) - ANSWER--moulds produce haploid spores by mitosis
and form visible mycelia
-moulds and yeast have no known sexual stage
ascomycetes - ANSWER--diverse group of fungi
-live in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats
-produce sexual spores in structures called asci contained in fruiting bodies called
ascocarps
-they can also reproduce asexually
basidiomycetes - ANSWER--includes mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi,
mycrorrhizae and plant parasites
-have club like structures called basidium
-many are wood decomposers
nutrient cycle, ecological interaction and human welfare (fungi) - ANSWER--fungi
are efficient decomposers of organic material including cellulose and lignin
-they perform essential recycling of chemical elements between the living and the
nonliving
-some mushrooms are edible and have medicinal properties
protists are a diverse group of eukaryotes - ANSWER--protists are eukaryotes and
are very diverse (structurally and functionally)
-eukaryotic cells have organelles and are more complex than prokaryotic cells
excavata (protists) - ANSWER--some members of this supergroup have an
excavated feeding groove on one side of the cell body
-the euglenozoans have flagella that differ in structure from those of other organisms
-the euglenozoans vary from predators and parasites
euglenids - ANSWER--some of these organisms are photosynthetic when light is
available, or heterotrophic feeding when there is no access to light. (mix trophy)
-unicellular freshwater organism
-no cell wall
-membrane bound nucleus
-contractile vacuole
SAR clade (protists) - ANSWER--highly diverse group of protists defined by DNA
similarities
-stramenopiles, alveolate, rhizarians
stramenopiles (diatoms) - ANSWER--diatoms are unicellular algae with unique two
part, glass like wall of silicon dioxide
