NRG question and answers

Various stages of sleep - correct answer-Awake --> stage 1 --> stage 2 --> stage 3 -Then emerge back into stage 1 = emergent stage 1 sleep -REM sleep = emergent stage 1 EEG -NREM = initial stage 1, stage 2, stage 3 -Slow wave sleep = stage 3, slow delta waves -Awake: EEG random and low amplitude -Stage 1: slightly higher amplitude and lower frequency than awake -Stage 2: K complexes and sleep spindles -Stage 3: Slow delta waves -As night progresses, NREM sleep becomes increasingly similar to both REM and awake state (high amplitude waves become smaller and more high frequency) Characteristics of REM - correct answer-EEG: desynchronization, similar to wakefulness, low amplitude, high frequency -EOG: rapid eye movements -EMG: lose of core muscle tone -Brain activity levels increase: oxygen consumption, blood flow -Overall autonomic activity increases -Twitching of extremities -Penile/clitoral erection -Controlled by various nuclei in caudal reticular formation, different comonents can become dissociated from each other like in REM-sleep behaviour disorder Evidence for REM = dreaming equation, and criticism - correct answer-Around 80% of REM-sleep awakenings led to dream recall, whereas only around 7-9% of NREM awakenings led to dream recall -Criticism: 1) NREM dreams exist, you just have to ask the right questions - ask the individual what were you thinking instead of were you dreaaming?