Download this complete,fully solved and updated actual exam for CCEA AS1 Chemistry - Halogens

What are the 4 halogens we study? Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine Colour and state of fluorine at r.t.p Yellow gas Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:03 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More Colour and state of chlorine at r.t.p Yellow-green gas Colour and state of bromine at r.t.p Red-brown liquid, with a red-brown vapour forming when heated Colour and state of iodine at r.t.p Grey-black solid, with a purple vapour forming when heated Why does the boiling/melting/state change as the halogens descend? More electrons so increased V.D.W forces in the molecule Why does the atomic radius increase/first ionisation energy decrease/electronegativity decrease as the halogens descend? The outer electrons are further from the nucleus Bonding in the halogens Non-polar, simple covalent molecules Describe the general trend in solubility in the halogens In water (polar solvent) - increases down the group until iodine which is insoluble in water In non-polar organic solvents - all soluble Describe chlorines solubility in both water and hexane In water - soluble which forms a green/colourless solution In hexane - soluble forming a colourless solution Describe bromines solubility in both water and hexane In water - Soluble forming a yellow solution In hexane - soluble forming a red solution Describe iodines solubility in both water and hexane Insoluble in water but is soluble in other polar solvents like ethanol (forming a yellow brown solution) In hexane - soluble forming a purple solution Halogens reacting with water - what is formed, using chlorine as an example? HOCl and HCl What is the reaction between chlorine and water described as? Disproporionation Halogens reacting with cold dilute sodium hydroxide - what is formed, using chlorine as an example? Sodium chloride, water and sodium hypochlorite Halogens reacting with hot concentrated sodium hydroxide - what is formed, using chlorine as an example? Sodium chloride, water and sodium chlorate (v) Does iodine react with cold dilute NaOH? No - but it does with hot concentrated NaOH Describe the general trend of the halogens oxidising ability Decreases as atomic number increases What is an oxidising agent? Electron acceptor What halides can fluorine displace? Chlorine, bromine and iodine What halides can bromine displace? Iodine What halides can chlorine displace? Bromine and Iodine Describe the general trend of the halogens reducing ability Increases as atomic number increases What is a reducing agent? Electron donor Halides with concentrated sulfuric acid - observations and products formed (using sodium fluoride) Sodium hydrogensulfate and hydrogen fluoride forms Misty fumes of HF, heat released, gas produced, pungent smell, solid disappears Chlorine the same Halides with concentrated sulfuric acid - observations and products formed (using sodium bromide) 2 Equations - sodium hydrogensulfate, hydrogen bromide, bromine, sulfur dioxide and water Misty fumes of Her, heat released, gas produced, solid disappears, red-brown vapour of Br2, pungent smell