NUR3196 Exam 3 All questions and answers solved!!!

Upper airway - mouth, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx (the last three comprise the pharynx) Lower airway - trachea, left and right primary bronchi, bronchioles, bronchial capillaries, alveolar sacs, and the alveoli Larynx - a structure within the upper and lower airways that houses the vocal cords, glottis, laryngeal box, etc. Internal and external laryngeal muscles function - ventilation, swallowing, and vocalization Mediastinum - space between lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, and esophagus Carina - where the trachea branches into 2 bronchi Hilum (Hila singular) - "roots" of the lungs where the main bronchi enter the lungs Acinus - cumulative term for respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, gas-exchange airways Alveolocapillary Membrane - walls shared by the alveolar and capillary walls where gas exchange occurs Pores of Kohn - permit some air to pass through septa between alveoli promoting collateral ventilation and even distribution of air among the alveolus Type 1 alveolar cells - provide structure Type 2 alveolar cells - secrete surfactant Pleura - serous membrane Visceral Pleura - inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue Parietal Pleura - outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall Pleural space/pleural cavity - area between the two pleural layers, has a negative or subatmospheric pressure Airway caliber - interior diameter of the airway lumen, controlled by ANS functions (parasympathetic causes smooth muscle to contract and sympathetic causes smooth muscle in lung to relax) respiratory system path - trachea to bronchi, subsegmental bronchi, non-respiratory bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts (alveoli)