Chapter 34 Intellectual Disability
NCHPAD Certified Inclusive Fitness Trainer - ANS-•Working with National Center on
Health Physical Activity & Disability for individuals with physical limitations (certificate for
working with IDs)
•Qualifications: bachelor's in exercise science
What is the, american association on intellectual & developmental disabilities (AAIDD),
definition of intellectual disability (ID)? - ANS-•Characterized by significant limits in
intellectual functioning & adapting to new conditions
•Disability originates b4 18 yrs
What qualifies as significant limitations in intellectual functioning? - ANS-•Conceptual
skills
•Adaptive behavior
•Social & practical skills
What are sheltered workshops - work centers - ANS-Employ people with disabilities
Intellectual Disability stats - ANS-•Estimated prevalence in industrialized societies is
1-3%
•~9-10 mil with ID in US
•>90% are classified as mild
•Mortality ~1.5-4x higher in people with ID
• - estimated mortality rate in US
What is the living situation for most with mild ID? - ANS-•Require support services
•May live at home or in community-based group homes
•Have part time jobs
•More severe live in community-based facilities with more specialized & intensive
support
What is mortality with ID linked to? - ANS-Low IQ & poorer self-care skills
What is the life expectancy with ID? - ANS-60-62 yrs
What is the life expectancy with down syndrome? - ANS-53 yrs, cardiopulmonary
disease common
, Several 100 causes of ID identified or suspected, but _______-_______ are idiopathic -
ANS-1/2-1/3
What are the 3 major causes of ID - ANS-1. Fetal alcohol syndrome
2. Fragile X syndrome
3. Down syndrome (DS)
Fetal alcohol syndrome - ANS-•Major preventable cause - not drinking!
•Includes Illegal drug use
Fragile X syndrome - ANS-•Failure to express the fragile X mental retardation protein
(FMRP)
•Required for normal neural development
•Inherited disability in boys
Down syndrome (DS) - ANS-•Most common type of ID @ >90%
•Trisomy 21 - a 3rd chromosome found on chromosome 21 (genetic mutation)
What are the risk factors for down syndrome (DS)? - ANS-•Maternal age (primary)
•Congenital heart disease (50%) - common cause early mortality
•Obesity
Prader-Willi syndrome - ANS-•Genetic disorder on chromosome 15 (subset of 7 genes
are deleted or unexpressed)
•Also characterized by obesity & hypotonia (low muscle tone)
Causes of ID usually fit into 1 of the following categories: - ANS-•Genetic
•Problems during pregnancy (normally maternal alcohol or illegal drug use)
•Problems at birth (O2 deprivation)
•Problems after birth (childhood diseases: PKU)
•Poverty & cultural deprivation (inadequate health care & nutrition)
Warning label for Phenylketonuria (PKU) (on soda cans) - ANS-•Phenylalanine-amino
acid for protein synthesis, hydrolyze to tyrosine
•PAH-phenylalanine hydroxylase
•Gene mutation inactivates PAH
-limit foods with PKU & ↑ foods with tyrosine
What does a buildup of phenylalanine cause? - ANS-•Mental retardation & organ
damage
NCHPAD Certified Inclusive Fitness Trainer - ANS-•Working with National Center on
Health Physical Activity & Disability for individuals with physical limitations (certificate for
working with IDs)
•Qualifications: bachelor's in exercise science
What is the, american association on intellectual & developmental disabilities (AAIDD),
definition of intellectual disability (ID)? - ANS-•Characterized by significant limits in
intellectual functioning & adapting to new conditions
•Disability originates b4 18 yrs
What qualifies as significant limitations in intellectual functioning? - ANS-•Conceptual
skills
•Adaptive behavior
•Social & practical skills
What are sheltered workshops - work centers - ANS-Employ people with disabilities
Intellectual Disability stats - ANS-•Estimated prevalence in industrialized societies is
1-3%
•~9-10 mil with ID in US
•>90% are classified as mild
•Mortality ~1.5-4x higher in people with ID
• - estimated mortality rate in US
What is the living situation for most with mild ID? - ANS-•Require support services
•May live at home or in community-based group homes
•Have part time jobs
•More severe live in community-based facilities with more specialized & intensive
support
What is mortality with ID linked to? - ANS-Low IQ & poorer self-care skills
What is the life expectancy with ID? - ANS-60-62 yrs
What is the life expectancy with down syndrome? - ANS-53 yrs, cardiopulmonary
disease common
, Several 100 causes of ID identified or suspected, but _______-_______ are idiopathic -
ANS-1/2-1/3
What are the 3 major causes of ID - ANS-1. Fetal alcohol syndrome
2. Fragile X syndrome
3. Down syndrome (DS)
Fetal alcohol syndrome - ANS-•Major preventable cause - not drinking!
•Includes Illegal drug use
Fragile X syndrome - ANS-•Failure to express the fragile X mental retardation protein
(FMRP)
•Required for normal neural development
•Inherited disability in boys
Down syndrome (DS) - ANS-•Most common type of ID @ >90%
•Trisomy 21 - a 3rd chromosome found on chromosome 21 (genetic mutation)
What are the risk factors for down syndrome (DS)? - ANS-•Maternal age (primary)
•Congenital heart disease (50%) - common cause early mortality
•Obesity
Prader-Willi syndrome - ANS-•Genetic disorder on chromosome 15 (subset of 7 genes
are deleted or unexpressed)
•Also characterized by obesity & hypotonia (low muscle tone)
Causes of ID usually fit into 1 of the following categories: - ANS-•Genetic
•Problems during pregnancy (normally maternal alcohol or illegal drug use)
•Problems at birth (O2 deprivation)
•Problems after birth (childhood diseases: PKU)
•Poverty & cultural deprivation (inadequate health care & nutrition)
Warning label for Phenylketonuria (PKU) (on soda cans) - ANS-•Phenylalanine-amino
acid for protein synthesis, hydrolyze to tyrosine
•PAH-phenylalanine hydroxylase
•Gene mutation inactivates PAH
-limit foods with PKU & ↑ foods with tyrosine
What does a buildup of phenylalanine cause? - ANS-•Mental retardation & organ
damage
