N221 Ch20 NCLEX Practice Questions and Solutions

Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) drugs have which therapeutic effect? -Urinary retention -Increased gastrointestinal motility -Mydriasis -Vasoconstriction -Increased gastrointestinal motility Cholinergic effects mimic the parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest) as opposed to the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight). Increasing gastrointestinal (GI) motility helps the body digest. Urinary retention, mydriasis, and vasoconstriction are sympathetic nervous system responses. Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) drugs are indicated for which situation? -Treating a postoperative patient who has bradycardia -Lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma -Inhibiting muscular activity in the bladder -Preventing salivation and sweating -Lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma Cholinergic drugs stimulate the pupil to constrict (miosis), thus decreasing intraocular pressure. During postoperative teaching, the nurse explains that the patient is receiving bethanechol (Urecholine) to treat -postoperative hypotension. -urinary atony. -respiratory atelectasis. -postoperative ischemic colitis. -urinary atony. Bethanechol is a direct-acting cholinergic agonist that stimulates the cholinergic receptors on the smooth muscle of the bladder, leading to bladder contraction and emptying. Which is an adverse effect of bethanechol (Urecholine)? -Constipation -Hypertension -Tachycardia -Headache -Headache Adverse effects of bethanechol include abdominal cramps, diarrhea, hypotension, bradycardia, and headache. The nurse administering donepezil (Aricept) to a patient understands that the expected therapeutic action of this drug is to -relieve anxiety and restless behavior of the patient. -increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain by blocking its breakdown. -block the effects of acetylcholine at the presynaptic neurons. -help control associated urinary incontinence. -increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain by blocking its breakdown