Bio 172 Final Exam UH Manoa Curtis Daehler Questions and Answers Graded A+

Bio 172 Final Exam UH Manoa Curtis Daehler Questions and Answers Graded A+ **How do animals vary in appearance between males and females?** - **Endocrine system**: Uses chemical signals to elicit responses by cells with receptors. - **Autocrine signaling**: When a cell releases hormones and signals itself. - **Paracrine signaling**: Cells signal other cells with hormones. - **Endocrine signaling**: Hormones leave blood vessels to trigger responses in cells. - ** Endocrine system uses chemical signals to elicit responses by cells that have receptors.** **What happens when water-soluble hormones are released into the bloodstream?** - They enter the blood system, interact with neighboring tissue. - They cause changes in the cytoplasm or nucleus. - Signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptor. - Break down glycogen into glucose for energy. - ** They enter the blood system, interact with neighboring tissue.** **Which type of hormone enters cells directly and goes to the nucleus?** - Water-soluble hormone. - Lipid-soluble hormone. - Hormone signaling through G protein. - Estradiol passes through the cell membrane. - ** Lipid-soluble hormone.** **What effect does oxytocin have on the body?** - Causes blood vessel restriction. - Triggers relaxation of muscle cells. - Induces production of milk in mammary glands. - Increases kidney tubule activity. - ** Induces production of milk in mammary glands and causes contractions of the uterus in females.** **Which gland releases ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?** - Pineal gland. - Pancreas. - Thyroid gland. - Pituitary gland. - ** Pituitary gland.** **What are the major functions controlled by endocrine glands?** - Digestion and nutrient absorption. - Body temperature and sleep patterns. - Muscle contraction and nerve transmission. - Blood clotting and immune response. - ** Body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and attachment behaviors.** Anterior pituitary causes a hormonal cascade pathway due to trophic responses. Hormonal cascade in anterior pituitary tropic effects only nontropic effects only tropic effects causes release of hormones from another endocrine gland nontropic causes production of a certain thing like milk or vitamin D production Excess Growth hormone