Bio 172 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed

Bio 172 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed **Describe the events in a sexual cycle and explain its significance.** **Events:** - Formation of haploid gametes (1n). - Fertilization (syngamy) of gametes. - Formation of a diploid zygote (2n). - Recombination occurs during gamete formation. **Significance:** The sexual cycle leads to genetic variation through recombination, ensuring species adaptability and survival. **Identify the first supergroup.** **First Supergroup:** Excavata **Define asexual reproduction and give an example.** **Asexual Reproduction:** Involves one parent producing offspring that are genetically identical clones. **List three organisms with sexual life cycles and describe differences in meiosis products.** - **Animals (and some protists):** Gametes are the product of meiosis. - **Fungi (and some protists):** Zygote undergoes meiosis. - **Plants (and some algae):** Spores are the product of meiosis. **Why are protist cells considered the most complex among eukaryotic cells?** **Complexity:** Protist cells carry out all organismal functions within a single cell, utilizing various organelles. **What was the driving force of evolution among eukaryotes, and which organelle likely evolved first?** **Driving Force:** Symbiosis played a key role in eukaryotic evolution. - **First Organelle:** Mitochondrion evolved first, as it is present in all eukaryotes. Chloroplasts evolved later in plants. **Explain why the nuclear genome of eukaryotes includes sequences from Archaea alongside Bacteria and Eukaryotes.** **Explanation:** Eukaryotes are believed to have originated from a community of cells that freely exchanged DNA, resulting in a mixture of genetic material from Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. Explain what the major flaw was, in Whitaker's kingdom Protista and how it was eventually remedied. Eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi or animals. Protists are therefore polyphyletic. Advances in molecular systematics has led