LEO CERT EXAM 2024 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED CORRECTLY 100%

Patrol Interdiction Team - ANS-What is P.I.T? An immediate patrol response to interdict and resolve "in-progress" calls where no other options are readily available - ANS-What is the purpose of a P.I.T? P.I.T. - ANS-________ is not a S.W.A.T. team. It is only used to resolve an immediate life threatening crisis. A rapid deployment of patrol officers Interdicts and saves human lives Develops teamwork, tactics, and firearms skills for patrol officers to resolve an in-progress critical incident - ANS-What criteria is a P.I.T. based upon? (3) Team tactics Communication Unity of effort Firearms skills - ANS-Identify the 4 missing components of a P.I.T. response. (there are a total of 9, complete the list below) Preplanning critical incident resolution Determining P.I.T. deployment / traditional response Emergency planning Decision making Officer tactics Policy Training Identification of possible target locations Prevention Incident Command - ANS-Identify important elements of preplanning a P.I.T. program. (5) Proceeding loss of life Imminent life threatening crisis Insufficient time for traditional response Priorities Advantages Disadvantages Expectations - ANS-What are factors to be considered when contemplating a P.I.T. response? (7) • Stopping the suspects' actions • Rescuing victims • Apprehending the suspects - ANS-What are the priorities of a P.I.T. response? (3) • The ability to rapidly deploy officers to confront and neutralize the suspects/threats • To quickly contain and isolate the suspects from potential victims • Rescue wounded and/or evacuate potential victims - ANS-What are potential advantages of a P.I.T. response? (3) • Officers receive minimum information regarding suspect's description, actions, weapons, or the environment where the situation is occurring • Specialized weapons and ballistic protection may not be available or may be left behind • Heavy radio traffic will interfere with communications • Minimal time for planning prior to immediate action - ANS-What are potential disadvantages of a P.I.T. response? (4) • Situation • Victims • Responders • Consequences - ANS-What factors may influence expectations that one may have by deploying a P.I.T. response? (4) -Multiple victims -Numerous people throughout the danger area and inner perimeter -Audio and visual impairments, such as screaming, radio blaring, explosions, fire alarms, smoke, poor lighting, and darkness -Gunfire from multiple locations -Activated sprinkler systems -Improvised explosive devices -Carnage and chaos - ANS-What situations may influence expectations one may have by deploying a P.I.T. response? (7) -Victims fleeing and hiding -Hysteria when you encounter people -Varying degree of injuries - ANS-How might victims influence expectations one may have by deploying a P.I.T. response? (3) -Self doubt -Grief, anguish, and anger by the survivors and relatives of victims -Intense media contact -Review by "tactical experts" - ANS-What are potential consequences when deploying a P.I.T. response? (4) The first responding patrol officer - ANS-Who is responsible for the duties listed below, in a P.I.T. situation? Establish a command post Gather emergency intelligence Make proper and timely decisions Identify available staffing Make assignments Establish communications Initiate a plan Establish location for staging of additional arriving officers Type of problem Is it actively transpiring Are lives being taken How many suspects Type of weapons / explosives Number of people in danger Suspects' location Command post location Safe route for responding officers - ANS-What information (emergency intelligence) should be gathered immediately to determine an appropriate response to a situation? (9) The ability and willingness of other officers participation Life priority changes Is a P.I.T. response necessary in this incident - ANS-What are the decisions required at the scene of a P.I.T. situation? (3) • Mental state • Physical state • Training - ANS-The ability and willingness of other officers to participate at the scene of a P.I.T. depends on what factors? (3) Contact teams Rescue teams Containment teams Command team - ANS-What are the available staff assignments at the scene of a P.I.T? (4) Make contact with suspects to: • Stop the taking of lives • Limit the suspects' movements • Prevent escapes • Communicate progress - ANS-What is the purpose of a P.I.T. contact team? (4) Remove victims and other innocent people from the scene - ANS-What is the purpose of a P.I.T. rescue team? Contain the scene (inner/outer perimeter) - ANS-What is the purpose of a P.I.T. containment team? Manage the incident & gather information (building information, situation, and information from people) - ANS-What is the purpose of a P.I.T. command team? Command - ANS-All resources are deployed or coordinated through the __________ post Fundamental searching techniques Firearm selection and capability Firearm expertise Shooting on the move Survival mindset - ANS-What are officer tactics required to function as a P.I.T. member? (5) P.I.T. tactics - ANS-The following are what? Field of observation / fire 360 degree coverage Move to contact Two person team Three person team Four person team "Y" formation Diamond formation "T" formation Vehicle assaults Vehicle deployments Be ready with a plan at all times Believing you will overcome no matter the odds Reverting to training (train like you fight, fight like you train) - ANS-What are the benefits of learning mental preparation skills and the importance of a survival mindset? (3) More officers being assaulted Less respect for authority The general trend, often perpetuated in the movies, that violence can solve problems People are viewing violent images in media every day. They may become numb to the realities of the violence they are viewing and begin to believe the media they are watching is reality. Some individuals may begin to believe violence is a normal or acceptable way to react to difficult situations. - ANS-Identify general trends in society that may impact violence toward law enforcement. (4) Courage - ANS-__________ is a trait which may be acquired and strengthened through practicing ethical behavior in the face of law enforcement challenges. Officers are encouraged to seek positive professional role models. Survival mindset - ANS-Peace officers must realize life and death situations can come upon them as a part of their job. Having a ____________ ___________, never giving up, and always believing you will succeed, is vital in surviving these incidents. The basic goal of stress inoculation through hard training is to help an officer gain confidence in his ability to cope with anxiety and fear - ANS-What is the goal of stress inoculation? Myelinization - ANS-"____________" is an explanation of the phenomenon of muscle memory Myelin - ANS-The ______ acts like an electrical insulating layer covering axons of neurons in the brain. This provides a smoother flow of neural impulses and as a result increases the speed of neural transmission See-Act - ANS-All training starts with "See-Think-Act", but as you commit skills to muscle memory it morphs into "_________". A theory explaining the positive effects of mental practice during which a person only imagines performing an activity successfully - ANS-What is psycho neuromuscular theory? Heightened awareness of the environment, detection of threat factors, and a continued ability to respond to threats - ANS-Define self-control. Unaware and unprepared. If attacked in condition White, the only thing that may save you is the inadequacy or ineptitude of your attacker - ANS-What does the color white mean in The Cooper Color Code? Relaxed alert. No specific threat situation - ANS-What does the color yellow mean in The Cooper Color Code? Specific alert. Something is not quite right and has gotten your attention - ANS-What does the color orange mean in The Cooper Color Code? Condition Red is fight. Your mental trigger (established back in condition orange) has been tripped. You are mentally prepared to respond appropriately - ANS-What does the color red mean in the Cooper Color Code? The USMC uses "condition Black" as actively engaged in combat. Condition black has also been referenced as paralyzed and unable to respond to threats, subjects appear to be frozen. - ANS-What does the color black mean in The Cooper Color Code? • Increase in adrenaline may cause the person shot to not even realize they have suffered a wound • Rapid breathing • Cottonmouth • Increase in heart rate • Visual difficulty • Loss of ability to concentrate • A person suffering physical effects of a gunshot wound may not recognize any of these effects until it is too late - ANS-Physical effects of a gunshot wound include and are not limited to what? (7) • Gross motor skills, work more effectively than fine or complex motor skills, when the heart rate is escalated • A rapid heart rate has a negative impact on performance; therefore, it is important to decrease the heart rate • Long term effects of stress chemicals such as andrenocorticotropic pituitary hormone and homocysteine - ANS-What are the physical effects of an increasing heart rate on the ability to execute fine, complex and gross motor skills? hypertension cancer heart attack stroke sleep disorders loss of sexual ability eating disorders - ANS-Long term effects of stress chemicals such as andrenocorticotropic pituitary hormone and homocysteine, may contribute to what? (7) • Tunnel vision results as vision narrows as though looking through a tunnel or a tube. This results in a reduction of 70% or more of the peripheral field of view. • Auditory distortion is a powerful process that can limit the ability to process critical information such as information shouted by another officer; even shouts of surrender from a suspect may go unheard due to auditory distortion. • Disassociation is the mental separation that may occur to a person involved in a critical incident. - ANS-The psycho-neural effects of critical incident stress include what? (3) • Proper diet, • Hydration • Exercise • Combat breathing - ANS-Coping mechanisms that effectively are used to reduce the effects of stress include what? (4) • Breathe in for a count of two • Hold breath for a count of two • Exhale for a count of two - ANS-What is Combat breathing or control breathing? (3) Decrease heart rate - ANS-What is the purpose of combat breathing? Discomfort caused by holding conflicting cognitions (e.g., ideas, beliefs, values, emotional reactions) simultaneously. - ANS-What is cognitive dissonance? Surprise, dread, guilt, anger, or embarrassment. - ANS-In a state of dissonance how might people feel? Minor situations where intervention is not required Non-emergency situations such as an incident occurring in the law enforcement officer's neighborhood, best handled by an on-duty law enforcement officer Emergency situations requiring law enforcement intervention, best handled by summoning on-duty law enforcement assistance Situations requiring immediate response, when the off-duty law enforcement officer has no choice other than to take action - ANS-What are four primary levels of law enforcement problems likely to be encountered while off-duty? Stay abreast of new methods, studies, procedures, practices, court decisions, and dynamic tactics to perform their duties Maintain a survival attitude at all times - ANS-It is ultimately the law enforcement officers, not the agency's responsibility to do what? (2) • Weapon with extra magazine/ammunition • Handcuffs • Police identification and badge • Cell phone - ANS-It is recommended that what items be carried by officers off-duty whenever feasible? (4) Complacency Intervening without possessing needed equipment such as, firearm, handcuffs, etc. Failing to temper their sense of duty with sound judgment When off-duty, the officer's style of dress may identify their law enforcement affiliation causing them to be recognized as a threat to the criminal Consideration should be given to how officers carry their driver license and credit cards. A visible wallet badge may again tip off the criminal element placing the off-duty officer at a disadvantage. - ANS-Most off-duty officers, killed by felonious assault, failed to have the proper frame of mind regarding what? (4) Get a message to the local dispatcher outlining the circumstance and providing a physical description of yourself If the situation occurred within a business, attempt to control access until identifiable law enforcement officers arrive If possible, take a position where you can see responding law enforcement officers Be prepared to obey a responding on-duty officer's commands - ANS-What are the strategies to avoid "friendly fire" tragedies? (4) • Summoning on-duty assistance • Identifying escape routes • Finding cover and concealment • Protecting family members who may be with you - ANS-How might one formulate a plan of action if an off-duty situation happens? (4) • child tells stories of sexual abuse • child reports sexual activity • child displays sudden fear of strangers, relative, sitter • child displays change in behavior at school or with friends • child complains of pain, itching, discharge, swelling, bruises, bleeding or starts to walk differently - ANS-What are techniques in identifying the common signs of child sexually related crimes and abuse? (5) • Ensure safety of child • ID suspect • Locate, preserve and collect evidence • Summon Department Special Victim's Unit (SVU), if available, as soon as possible - ANS-What is the proper protocol while conducting an initial investigation for child sexual abuse? (4) • Assist SVU detective • Proper processing of evidence • Additional suspects • Additional victims • All necessary paperwork to ensure successful prosecution - ANS-What is the proper protocol while conducting a follow-up investigation for child sexual abuse? (5) • Trauma • Sleep pattern disturbances • Eating pattern disturbances • Life style affected - ANS-What are techniques in identifying the common signs of sexually related crimes and abuse in adults? (4) • Ensure victim safety • Victim interview (SVU) - ANS-What is the proper protocol while conducting an initial sex crime investigation for adults? (2) • Suspect interview • Take care of the victim (Resources, Support, Preparation for court) - ANS-What is the proper protocol while conducting a follow-up investigation for an adult sex crime? (2) • Physical (bruising, pain, injuries to hidden areas) • Disclosure • Sudden fear of relative, care giver, frequent associate • Withdrawal • Adult Protective Services (APS) referral - ANS-What are techniques in identifying the common signs of elderly sexually related crimes and abuse? (5) • Ensure victim safety • SVU notification • Victim interview • Witness statements - ANS-What is the proper protocol while conducting an initial investigation (elderly sex crimes)? (4) Care givers Individuals with access Eye witnesses - ANS-Who might an officer get witness statements from in an elderly abuse/sex case? (3) • Secure evidence • Prepare for prosecution (Consider if victim is willing/able to testify) • Victim/family resources • Restoration of victim dignity and self worth - ANS-What is the proper protocol while conducting a follow-up investigation for an elderly sexual abuse case? (4) Office of the Medical Examiner - ANS-What is OME? • Determine cause of death • Determine manner of death • Obtain positive identification • Provide expert testimony in court - ANS-What are the responsibilities of Medical Examiner? (4) 24 - ANS-The Office of the Medical Examiner is staffed ____ hours a day as per UCA 26-4-16. Always - ANS-When is an investigator or duty doctor available for an officer to consult? Utah Department of Health - ANS-OME is a subsidiary of the __________ __________ __ ________ and has statewide jurisdiction. • Forensic Pathologists • Deputy Medical Examiners • Investigators • Forensic Anthropology Consultants • Forensic Odontology Consultants - ANS-What are the OME Staff Positions? (5) 26-4-7 - ANS-What code outlines the Utah Medical Examiner Act? Any "reasonable" person - ANS-Who can death be pronounced by? Only a physician licensed to practice in the State of Utah can sign a death certificate - ANS-Who can sign a death certificate? A death which results from natural causes and where the physician has seen the patient within the last 30 days - ANS-What is an attended death? A regular physician may sign the death certificate on an attended death - ANS-Who signs the death certificate on an attended death? T - ANS-T/F Attended or unattended refers to being under the care of a physician, not whether someone was with