PSL exam with correct answers 2024

structure of the plasma membrane correct answers semi-permeable double layer of phospholipids, hydrophobic center primary cilia correct answers detects fluid motion motile cilia correct answers helps cell move in uterine tubes and the respiratory tract, 9+2 arrangement Flagellum correct answers Sperm cells, helps propel cell with flap, 9+2 arrangement endocytosis correct answers taking in nutrients exocytosis correct answers giving out nutrients Phagocytosis steps (cellular eating) (endocytosis) correct answers 1. bulk transport into cell 2. neutrophils and macrophages can perform the amoeboid movement by extending pseudopods to pull the cell forward 3. relies on bonding of proteins called integrins with extracellular protein 4. pseudopods engulf bacteria, and dead cells; fuse to create a food vacuole 5. food vacuole fuses with a lysosome and the material is digested (This process is important for body defense, inflammation, and apoptosis) food vacuole inside the cytoplasm pinocytosis (endocytosis) correct answers cellular drinking, non-specific, recycle neurotransmitters, vesicle receptor mediated (endocytosis) correct answers specific, has receptor proteins in the membrane that bind to the substance to be brought in, ex: cholesterol, aids, hepatitis cytoskeleton correct answers -an organized system of microtubules throughout the cytoplasm. -proteins in the cytoskeleton are mobile -organize the intracellular environment and allow movement of muscle cells and phagocytic cells - allow movement of vesicles and organelles Lysosomes correct answers -structure membrane-bound organelle filled with digestive enzymes, more acidic than surrounding cytoplasm functions: breakdown macromolecules, digest contents of food vacuole, worn-out organelles -involved in autophagy and apoptosis