Pediatrics HESI 2024 With Complete Solutions

1. A 5-month-old is admitted to the hospital with vomiting and diarrhea. The pediatrician prescribes dextrose 5% and 0.25% normal saline with 2 mEq KCl/100 ml to be infused at 25 ml/hour. Prior to initiating the infusion, the nurse should obtain which assessment finding? - correct answer--Serum BUN and creatinine levels. adding potassium = need adequate renal function + urine output 10. An 18-month-old is admitted to the hospital with possible Hirschsprung's disease. When obtaining a nursing history, the nurse asks about bowel habits. What description of the disease? - correct answer--Ribbon-like and brown. Hirschsprung's is a mechanical obstruction in part of the intestines resulting in inadequate motility. Bile-colored and watery = gastroenteritis Foul-smelling and fatty = cystic fibrosis Semi-solid and yellow= normal in breast fed neonates 11. A 4-year-old girl continues to interrupt her mother during a routine clinic visit. The mother appears irritated with the child and asks the nurse, "Is this normal behavior for a child this age?" The nurse's response should be based on which information? - correct answer--Children need to retain a sense of initiative without impinging on the rights and privileges of others. -Children aged 3 to 6 are in Erickson's "Initiative vs. Guilt" stage, which is characterized by vigorous, intrusive behavior, enterprise, and strong imagination. At this age, children develop a conscience and must learn to retain a sense of initiative without impinging on the rights of others 12. The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old. What behavior indicates that the child's language development is within normal limits? - correct answer--Half of child's speech is understandable (15-24 months) by 18 months is capable of making a three word sentence. 3-5 years old is able to name four colors & count five blocks 13. A 2-year-old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular physical examination. The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated with Down syndrome? - correct answer--Congenital heart disease is the most common defect found in those with DS