Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology Questions and Answers with verified solutions

Chapter 1-4 Anatomy and Physiology Questions and Answers with verified solutions . Anchoring proteins - ANS- serve as attachment points for the cytoskeleton to provide structural support and shape. . Anchoring proteins - ANS- serve as attachment points for the cytoskeleton to provide structural support and shape. .Cephalic - ANS- head (glandular epitheluim)Secretions are called hormones - ANS- Exocrine contain ducts. Secretions flow onto surface of covering & lining epithelium via tubelike ducts. Secretions include= mucus, perspiration, skin oil, ear wax, milk and digestive enzymes (sweat glands and salivary glands) (glandular epitheluim)Secretions are called hormones - ANS- Exocrine contain ducts. Secretions flow onto surface of covering & lining epithelium via tubelike ducts. Secretions include= mucus, perspiration, skin oil, ear wax, milk and digestive enzymes (sweat glands and salivary glands) (microvilli - ANS- cytoplasmic projections that increase membrane surface area). Functions to propel fluids or particles along passageway and in secretion and absorption. It lines the stomach, intestine gallbladder and uterine tubes. (microvilli - ANS- cytoplasmic projections that increase membrane surface area). Functions to propel fluids or particles along passageway and in secretion and absorption. It lines the stomach, intestine gallbladder and uterine tubes. 1) embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) - ANS- ... 2) Connective tissue proper - ANS- ... 3 bases of DNA - ANS- 1 word in the genetic language and represents an amino acid 3 bases of DNA - ANS- 1 word in the genetic language and represents an amino acid 3) Cartilage - ANS- ... 4) Bone - ANS- ... 5) Blood - ANS- ... A hydrogen bond is - ANS- a weak attraction between hydrogen of one molecule (or section of molecule) and the oxygen or nitrogen of one molecule (or section of molecule). Rather than holding atoms together within a molecule like covalent and ionic bonds do, hydrogen bonds typically occur between molecules or regions of a molecule. The attraction is due to the slight positive charge found on hydrogen that is in a polar covalent bond and the slight negative charge found on either oxygen or nitrogen that are also in a polar covalent bond. A hydrogen bond is - ANS- a weak attraction between hydrogen of one molecule (or section of molecule) and the oxygen or nitrogen of one molecule (or section of molecule). Rather than holding atoms together within a molecule like covalent and ionic bonds do, hydrogen bonds typically occur between molecules or regions of a molecule. The attraction is due to the slight positive charge found on hydrogen that is in a polar covalent bond and the slight negative charge found on either oxygen or nitrogen that are also in a polar covalent bond. abdominal - ANS- region of trunk between diaphragm and pelvis abdominal - ANS- region of trunk between diaphragm and pelvis Acid - ANS- substance that releases H+ in water Acid - ANS- substance that releases H+ in water acromial - ANS- point of shoulder acromial - ANS- point of shoulder Active transport - ANS- movement of solutes across a membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration using both energy and protein carriers. Active transport - ANS- movement of solutes across a membrane from an area of low concentration to high concentration using both energy and protein carriers. Adipocytes - ANS- have large lipid droplets which squeeze the organelles to the periphery of the cell. The number of adipocytes varies from one type of CT to another and between individuals. Adipocytes - ANS- have large lipid droplets which squeeze the organelles to the periphery of the cell. The number of adipocytes varies from one type of CT to another and between individuals. Adipose connective tissue - ANS- contains specialized cells called adipocytes make up ,most of the volume of the tissue. Adipose connective tissue - ANS- contains specialized cells called adipocytes make up ,most of the volume of the tissue. Adipose tissue located - ANS- primarily in the subcutaneous layer of skin and surrounding the heart & kidneys. also found in yellow bone marrow of long bones, padding around joints, and behind eyeball in eye socket. Adipose tissue located - ANS- primarily in the subcutaneous layer of skin and surrounding the heart & kidneys. also found in yellow bone marrow of long bones, padding around joints, and behind eyeball in eye socket. Adipose tissue provides and functions how - ANS- insulation, an energy reserve, support, protection and thermogenesis (brown fat) in infants. Adipose tissue provides and functions how - ANS- insulation, an energy reserve, support, protection and thermogenesis (brown fat) in infants. ADP - ANS- (adenosine diphosphate) ADP - ANS- (adenosine diphosphate) Also due to hydrogen bonds, - ANS- water functions to stabilize temperature because it resists temperature changes (has high specific heat). In order to change the temperature of any substance, the molecules must move faster. To make water molecules move faster, we first have to break hydrogen bonds, which requires energy. Using the same reasoning, water also does not change to the gaseous state easily (has high heat of vaporization). In addition, because of hydrogen bonds, when water freezes there is a lot of space between molecules. This makes water in its solid state less dense that water in its liquid state (ice floats). If ice did not float, life on earth would probably not exist (at least in areas subjected to freezing temperatures because after freezing at the interface with the air the ice would sink, then more water would freeze and sink, etc. Soon the entire body of water would be frozen solid. Also due to hydrogen bonds, - ANS- water functions to stabilize temperature because it resists temperature changes (has high specific heat). In order to change the temperature of any substance, the molecules must move faster. To make water molecules move faster, we first have to break hydrogen bonds, which requires energy. Using the same reasoning, water also does not change to the gaseous state easily (has high heat of vaporization). In addition, because of hydrogen bonds, when water freezes there is a lot of space between molecules. This makes water in its solid state less dense that water in its liquid state (ice floats). If ice did not float, life on earth would probably not exist (at least in areas subjected to freezing temperatures because after freezing at the interface with the air the ice would sink, then more water would freeze and sink, etc. Soon the entire body of water would be frozen solid. Amino acids - ANS- are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins; Amino acids - ANS- are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins; Anabolism - ANS- metabolic activities that result in build large molecules from smaller components . Anabolism - ANS- metabolic activities that result in build large molecules from smaller components . Anatomical position - ANS- patient is erect, feet apart and palms facing anteriorly Anatomical position - ANS- patient is erect, feet apart and palms facing anteriorly Cephalic = head Anatomy - ANS- the study of the structure of the body Anatomy - ANS- the study of the structure of the body anchoring junctions (desmosomes) - ANS- fasten cells to one another or to EC materialcommon in tissues subjected to friction & stretching outer layer of skin, muscle tissue of heart, neck of uterus, epithelial lining of GI tract anchoring junctions (desmosomes) - ANS- fasten cells to one another or to EC materialcommon in tissues subjected to friction & stretching outer layer of skin, muscle tissue of heart, neck of uterus, epithelial lining of GI tract antebrachial - ANS- forearm antebrachial - ANS- forearm antecubital - ANS- front of elbow antecubital - ANS- front of elbow anterior (ventral) - ANS- towards the front anterior (ventral) - ANS- towards the front Anticodon - ANS- the three nucleotide base sequence of tRNA that will be matched to the codon of the mRNA Anticodon - ANS- the three nucleotide base sequence of tRNA that will be matched to the codon of the mRNA