UCT Telephony Exam Questions With Verified And Updated Answers.

UCT Telephony Exam Questions With Verified And Updated Answers. Channels - answerindividual pathways within the transmission medium that the data traverses T-1 - answera typical transmission medium for telephony, which is a type of "T-Carrier" ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) - answerA system of digital phone connections designed for sending voice, video, and data simultaneously over digital or ordinary phone lines. BRI and PRI - answerThe two basic ISDN circuits are the Basic Rate Interface and Primary Rate Interface. BRI is comprised of two 64-Kbps B-Channels and one 16-Kbps D-Channel. PRI is comprised of 23 B-Channels and 1 D-Channel DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - answeranother standard to deliver data services over existing copper installations for both home and organized users but is faster by comparison to a T-1 or ISDN connection. Describe Asynchronous transfer Mode (ATM) - answerIs a cell-based switching technology that uses asynchronous time division multiplexing; it provides the opportunity for both end users and communications carriers to transport virtually any type of information using a common format. As a result, atm was developed to support voice, data, and video on both local and wide area networks. Uses a switching system that combines circuit and packet switching called cell based switching; all cells are exactly 53-bytes long, made up with a 5-byte header and 48-btye payload. Data Latency - answerIn a telecommunications network, a similar amount of latency that is acceptable on a data network could wreak havoc with a telephone conversation. SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking) - answerA transport vehicle capable of supporting data rates in the gigabit range, optical interfaces, network management, and diagnostic testing methods. Defines a technology for carrying many signals of different capacities through a synchronous, flexible, optical hierarchy. Called Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) in Europe. Typically used for hundreds to thousands of megabit connections - big payloads over long distances STS-1 - answerbasic SONET frame is referred to as a Synchronous Transport Signal-Level 1, or STS-1 PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) - answerInitially started out as an analog circuit-switched network. Local Loop - answerThe physical connection between a carrier's CO and the subscriber's premises. Sometimes referred to as the 'Last Mile'. Last remaining part of the telephone network that sends analog voice data over copper cables. CO (Central Office) - answerA central office is a building in which the phone lines in a home or office terminate and connect to a much larger switching system. The max distance of a CO-to-home/office cable is about 5 km. In metro areas, COs are called local offices (LOs). DTMF (Dual-tone Multi-Frequency) - answerWhen making a phone call, between the customer premises and the CO the telephone number is encoded and transmitted across the line as DTMF signaling tones. Method for instructing a telephone switching system of the telephone number to be dialed, or to issue commands to switching systems or related telephony equipment. End Office Switch - answerReferred to as a "Class 5" switch, is a telephone central office switch that connects directly to the customer. Handles services such as call forwarding and call waiting, and provides services related to call generation such as dial tone. PBX (Private branch exchange) - answerIs a telephone exchange typically owned by the customer and is normally used in the commercial sector. Calls made within the company PBX are at no cost, but calls made outside to the central office are based on availability of a voice trunk. They buy it so they don't have to buy a single phone line for every employee - is like NAT. TDM Switch (Tandem switch.) - answerNetwork switch that serves in partnership with lesser switches and serves no end users directly. Also called a "class 4 switch". Hierarchical Switching - answerConsists of a group of interconnected sub-networks that control traffic through segmentation and provide simplified switch design and utilize predetermined fixed routing. Non-hierarchical switching - answerImplemented by AT&T after the divestiture Simple two-level hierarchy. Intelligent control and reporting of traffic . Integral for carriers to operate their networks at peak efficiency and effectively utilize resources. In other words, Class- 5 switches no longer have to be switched through a Class-4 switch Non-hierarchical Switching - answerAllows trunk groups to be used for carrying both direct- routed and overflow calls and eliminating the distinction between high-usage and final routes. LEC (Local Exchange Carrier) - answerAn organization that provides local telephone service from the customer premises to its central office, within a local geographic area. There are ILECs and CLECs, the latter being the minority.